Hydroxyapatite/PCL/Fe3O4 waste-based composite: An efficient green catalyst for spirooxindole-chromene synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from bioresources has garnered attention due to its advantageous catalytic capabilities. In this study, HAp was synthesized from green mussel shell waste and subsequently composited with Fe3O4 for utilization as a catalyst in the synthesis of spirooxindole-chromene compo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Case studies in chemical and environmental engineering 2024-12, Vol.10, p.100892, Article 100892
Main Authors: Liandi, Agus Rimus, Sari, Renita Wulan, Wendari, Tio Putra, Imelda, Febriantini, Dwi, Insani, Andon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Fe3O4
Green synthesis
Heterogeneous catalyst
Hydroxyapatite
Reusable catalyst
Seafood waste
Spirooxindole
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from bioresources has garnered attention due to its advantageous catalytic capabilities. In this study, HAp was synthesized from green mussel shell waste and subsequently composited with Fe3O4 for utilization as a catalyst in the synthesis of spirooxindole-chromene compound. The synthesis and characterization of pristine HAp, Fe3O4, and HAp/PCL/Fe3O4 samples were thoroughly investigated. XRD analysis, coupled with refinement techniques, revealed that pristine HAp crystallized in the P63/m hexagonal structure, while Fe3O4 crystallized in the Fd-3m cubic structure. Additionally, the HAp/PCL/Fe3O4 composite exhibited a combination of both materials properties. SEM-EDX micrographs depicted an irregular morphology for HAp/PCL/Fe3O4 with an average particle size of approximately 156 nm. The catalytic performance of HAp/PCL/Fe3O4 in the synthesis of spirooxindole was evaluated using a one-pot three-component method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation, resulting in the highest yield of 78.54 % within a relatively short time frame. Moreover, the repeated use of HAp/PCL/Fe3O4 as a catalyst led to a negligible decrease in product yield, making it an environmentally friendly catalyst option.
ISSN:2666-0164
2666-0164
DOI:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100892