Involvement of Periodontal Disease in the Pathogenesis and Exacerbation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Review

• Published in: Nutrients 2023-03, Vol.15 (5), p.1269
• Main Authors: Kobayashi, Takashi, Iwaki, Michihiro, Nogami, Asako, Honda, Yasushi, Ogawa, Yuji, Imajo, Kento, Saito, Satoru, Nakajima, Atsushi, Yoneda, Masato
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arteriosclerosis; Arthritis; Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Biopsy; Causes of; Complications and side effects; Cross-sectional studies; Cytokines; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; dysbiosis; Enzymes; Epidemiology; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Gastrointestinal system; Gum disease; Health aspects; Health risks; Health services; Humans; Hypotheses; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Liver; Liver - pathology; Liver diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Microbiota; Microorganisms; multiple parallel hits; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - etiology; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Pathogenesis; Periodontal disease; Periodontal diseases; Periodontal Diseases - complications; periodontitis; Physiological aspects; Prevention; Review; Rheumatoid arthritis; Risk Factors; Teeth; treatment; Ulcers
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15051269

The increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), along with global lifestyle changes, requires further in-depth research to elucidate the mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies. In addition, the number of patients with periodontal disease has increased recently, suggesting that periodontal disease is sometimes associated with systemic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent studies linking periodontal disease and NAFLD, the concept of the mouth-gut-liver axis, oral and intestinal microbiota, and liver disease. We suggest new research directions toward a detailed mechanistic understanding and novel targets for treatment and prevention. Forty years have passed since the concepts of NAFLD and NASH were first proposed. however, no effective prevention or treatment has been established. We also found that the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH is not limited to liver-related diseases but has been reported to be associated with various systemic diseases and an increasing number of causes of death. In addition, changes in the intestinal microbiota have been shown to be a risk factor for periodontal diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity.