Antioxidant and Emulsifying Activity of the Exopolymer Produced by Bacillus licheniformis

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2024-08, Vol.25 (15), p.8249
• Main Authors: Enrique, Sánchez-León, Ricardo, Amils, Concepción, Abrusci
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bacillus licheniformis - metabolism; Bacteria; Bioremediation; Catalase - metabolism; Cytotoxicity; emulsifying; Emulsifying Agents - chemistry; Emulsifying Agents - pharmacology; exopolymer; Free Radical Scavengers - chemistry; Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology; Free radicals; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; Hazardous substances; Health aspects; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrocarbons; negative charges; Olive oil; Polymers; Surface active agents; toxicity
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158249

The exopolymer (ESPp) was obtained from IDN-EC, composed of a polyglutamic acid and polyglycerol phosphate chain O-substituted with αGal moieties (αGal/αGlcNH 3:1 molar ratio) and with a 5000 Da molecular weight. The cytotoxicity activity of EPSp was determined by reducing the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to formazan on HeLa cells. This EPS did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell line. The ESPp presented great advantages as an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH),hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion (O )) (65 ± 1.2%, 98.7 ± 1.9%, and 97 ± 1.7%), respectively. Moreover, EPSp increased the enzyme activity for catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in HeLa cells (CAT, 2.6 ± 0.24 U/mL; and GSH-Px, 0.75 ± 0.3 U/L). The presence of ESPp showed a significant protective effect against H O in the cell line studied, showing great viability (91.8 ± 2.8, 89.9 ± 2.9, and 93.5 ± 3.6%). The EPSp presented good emulsifying activity, only for vegetable oils, olive oil (50 ± 2.1%) and sesame (72 ± 3%). Sesame was effective compared to commercials products, Triton X-100 (52.38 ± 1.6%), Tween 20 (14.29 ± 1.1%), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (52.63 ± 1.6%). Furthermore, the EPS produced at 0.6 M has potential for environmental applications, such as the removal of hazardous materials by emulsification whilst resulting in positive health effects such as antioxidant activity and non-toxicity. EPSp is presented as a good exopolysaccharide for various applications.