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Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed
Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their mul...
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Published in: | Atmosphere 2022-08, Vol.13 (8), p.1201 |
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description | Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. It was found that the international bridges’ vehicular traffic, waiting time to cross back and forth between both cities, added to other local anthropogenic activities, such as brick kiln emissions in Ciudad Juarez, have created a background of air pollution in this region. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxides, coarse and fine particulate matter dominated by BC and BrC. The absorption coefficients due to EBC and BrC of this background constitute what we have called a baseline EBC and BrC. Aided by two photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAX), operating at 405 nm and 870 nm wavelengths, connected to a 340 °C thermal denuder to remove volatile organics, the optical properties were documented and evaluated to identify the impact of long-range transported emissions from western wildfires. The Single Scattering Albedo and the Absorption Ångstrom exponent were calculated for the winter and summer season. The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer. |
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Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. It was found that the international bridges’ vehicular traffic, waiting time to cross back and forth between both cities, added to other local anthropogenic activities, such as brick kiln emissions in Ciudad Juarez, have created a background of air pollution in this region. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxides, coarse and fine particulate matter dominated by BC and BrC. The absorption coefficients due to EBC and BrC of this background constitute what we have called a baseline EBC and BrC. Aided by two photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAX), operating at 405 nm and 870 nm wavelengths, connected to a 340 °C thermal denuder to remove volatile organics, the optical properties were documented and evaluated to identify the impact of long-range transported emissions from western wildfires. The Single Scattering Albedo and the Absorption Ångstrom exponent were calculated for the winter and summer season. The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4433</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4433</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081201</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Absorption coefficient ; Absorptivity ; Aerosol particles ; Aerosols ; Aging ; Air pollution ; Airsheds ; Albedo ; Anthropogenic factors ; Atmospheric particulate matter ; Atmospheric particulates ; Biomass burning ; black carbon ; Boundary layers ; Bridges ; brown carbon ; Burning ; Carbon ; Carbon monoxide ; Carbon particles ; Chemical reactions ; Climate change ; Emissions ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental impact ; Evaluation ; Global climate ; Human influences ; HYSPLIT ; Kilns ; Lasers ; Local climates ; Low temperature ; Nitric oxide ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Optical properties ; Outdoor air quality ; Oxides ; Ozone ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; photoacoustic measurements ; Planetary boundary layer ; Plumes ; Pollutants ; Radiation ; Seasons ; Smoke ; Smoke plumes ; Sulfur ; Sulfur dioxide ; Sulphur ; Sulphur dioxide ; Summer ; Suspended particulate matter ; Tracking ; troposphere ; Urban areas ; Vertical profiles ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds ; Wavelengths ; Wildfires ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Atmosphere, 2022-08, Vol.13 (8), p.1201</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-54cb5882407e274979ca123d9fc5366589d082f93c6cf837e617d785e6ff953f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-54cb5882407e274979ca123d9fc5366589d082f93c6cf837e617d785e6ff953f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3837-107X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2706095040/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2706095040?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lara, Pamela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fitzgerald, Rosa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karle, Nakul N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Talamantes, Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miranda, Miranda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baumgardner, Darrel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stockwell, William R.</creatorcontrib><title>Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed</title><title>Atmosphere</title><description>Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. It was found that the international bridges’ vehicular traffic, waiting time to cross back and forth between both cities, added to other local anthropogenic activities, such as brick kiln emissions in Ciudad Juarez, have created a background of air pollution in this region. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxides, coarse and fine particulate matter dominated by BC and BrC. The absorption coefficients due to EBC and BrC of this background constitute what we have called a baseline EBC and BrC. Aided by two photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAX), operating at 405 nm and 870 nm wavelengths, connected to a 340 °C thermal denuder to remove volatile organics, the optical properties were documented and evaluated to identify the impact of long-range transported emissions from western wildfires. The Single Scattering Albedo and the Absorption Ångstrom exponent were calculated for the winter and summer season. The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Absorption coefficient</subject><subject>Absorptivity</subject><subject>Aerosol particles</subject><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Airsheds</subject><subject>Albedo</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Atmospheric particulate matter</subject><subject>Atmospheric particulates</subject><subject>Biomass burning</subject><subject>black carbon</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Bridges</subject><subject>brown carbon</subject><subject>Burning</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Carbon particles</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Global climate</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>HYSPLIT</subject><subject>Kilns</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Local climates</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Oxides</subject><subject>Ozone</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>photoacoustic measurements</subject><subject>Planetary boundary layer</subject><subject>Plumes</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Smoke</subject><subject>Smoke plumes</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Sulphur</subject><subject>Sulphur dioxide</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Tracking</subject><subject>troposphere</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Vertical profiles</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><subject>Wavelengths</subject><subject>Wildfires</subject><subject>Winter</subject><issn>2073-4433</issn><issn>2073-4433</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkctuFDEQRVsIJKKQJXtLrDvYLj-Xk1aARJGCBCjLVo0fGQ897cHuESJ_w7fkxzAZhMBeuFR173HZ1XWvGT0HsPQtLrtcGVDDOGXPuhNONfRCADz_J37ZndW6pW0JCxzESVfv0ryEQnD25C5NPqYSyKeANc_kdr8khxMZNljQNVV6wCW1Qo7kYkL39cl1UfL3mQxY1q2SZrJsArmcyMeG6Id08OjJ9eHxZwkPZJVK3QT_qnsRcarh7M952n15d_l5-NDf3L6_GlY3vRPULr0Ubi2N4YLqwLWw2jpkHLyNToJS0lhPDY8WnHLRgA6Kaa-NDCpGKyHCaXd15PqM23Ff0g7LjzFjGp8SudyPWNoTpzBK6ZRhzICyWgTj1kJLaJcqT7U3CI315sjal_ztEOoybvOhzK39kWuqqJVU0KY6P6rusUHTHPPSfq5tH3bJ5TnE1PIrLSTnTDHZDP3R4EqutYT4t01Gx99zHf-bK_wCtYqT4g</recordid><startdate>20220801</startdate><enddate>20220801</enddate><creator>Lara, Pamela</creator><creator>Fitzgerald, Rosa M.</creator><creator>Karle, Nakul N.</creator><creator>Talamantes, Jose</creator><creator>Miranda, Miranda</creator><creator>Baumgardner, Darrel</creator><creator>Stockwell, William R.</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-107X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220801</creationdate><title>Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed</title><author>Lara, Pamela ; Fitzgerald, 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Airshed</atitle><jtitle>Atmosphere</jtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1201</spage><pages>1201-</pages><issn>2073-4433</issn><eissn>2073-4433</eissn><abstract>Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. It was found that the international bridges’ vehicular traffic, waiting time to cross back and forth between both cities, added to other local anthropogenic activities, such as brick kiln emissions in Ciudad Juarez, have created a background of air pollution in this region. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxides, coarse and fine particulate matter dominated by BC and BrC. The absorption coefficients due to EBC and BrC of this background constitute what we have called a baseline EBC and BrC. Aided by two photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAX), operating at 405 nm and 870 nm wavelengths, connected to a 340 °C thermal denuder to remove volatile organics, the optical properties were documented and evaluated to identify the impact of long-range transported emissions from western wildfires. The Single Scattering Albedo and the Absorption Ångstrom exponent were calculated for the winter and summer season. The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/atmos13081201</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-107X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Absorption Absorption coefficient Absorptivity Aerosol particles Aerosols Aging Air pollution Airsheds Albedo Anthropogenic factors Atmospheric particulate matter Atmospheric particulates Biomass burning black carbon Boundary layers Bridges brown carbon Burning Carbon Carbon monoxide Carbon particles Chemical reactions Climate change Emissions Environmental aspects Environmental impact Evaluation Global climate Human influences HYSPLIT Kilns Lasers Local climates Low temperature Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Optical properties Outdoor air quality Oxides Ozone Particulate emissions Particulate matter photoacoustic measurements Planetary boundary layer Plumes Pollutants Radiation Seasons Smoke Smoke plumes Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulphur Sulphur dioxide Summer Suspended particulate matter Tracking troposphere Urban areas Vertical profiles VOCs Volatile organic compounds Wavelengths Wildfires Winter |
title | Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed |
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