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Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed

Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their mul...

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Published in:Atmosphere 2022-08, Vol.13 (8), p.1201
Main Authors: Lara, Pamela, Fitzgerald, Rosa M., Karle, Nakul N., Talamantes, Jose, Miranda, Miranda, Baumgardner, Darrel, Stockwell, William R.
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description Black (EBC) and Brown (BrC) Carbon are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric particulate matter that affect people’s health, disrupt ecosystems, and modulate local and global climate. Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. It was found that the international bridges’ vehicular traffic, waiting time to cross back and forth between both cities, added to other local anthropogenic activities, such as brick kiln emissions in Ciudad Juarez, have created a background of air pollution in this region. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxides, coarse and fine particulate matter dominated by BC and BrC. The absorption coefficients due to EBC and BrC of this background constitute what we have called a baseline EBC and BrC. Aided by two photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAX), operating at 405 nm and 870 nm wavelengths, connected to a 340 °C thermal denuder to remove volatile organics, the optical properties were documented and evaluated to identify the impact of long-range transported emissions from western wildfires. The Single Scattering Albedo and the Absorption Ångstrom exponent were calculated for the winter and summer season. The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer.
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Tracking the local deposition and sources of these aerosol particles is essential to better understanding their multidimensional environmental impact. The main goal of the current study is to measure the absorption coefficient (Babs) of particles within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) of the El Paso (US)–Ciudad Juárez (Mexico) airshed and assess the contribution of black and brown carbon particles to the optical absorption. Measurements were taken during a summer, wildfire, and winter season to evaluate the optical properties of BC and non-volatile BrC. The winter season presented a variation from the background Babs in the late evening hours (3:00 PM to midnight) due to an increase in biomass burning driven by lower temperatures. The wildfire season presents the greatest variation in the Babs from the background absorption due to EBC- and BrC-rich smoke plumes arriving at this region from the US West seasonal wildfires. 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The Angstrom exponent showed a decrease during the wildfire events due to the aging process. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model, HRRR, and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, HYSPLIT, were used to estimate the sources of the particles. In addition, a Vaisala Ceilometer was employed to study the vertical profile of particulate matter within the planetary boundary layer.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/atmos13081201</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-107X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Absorption
Absorption coefficient
Absorptivity
Aerosol particles
Aerosols
Aging
Air pollution
Airsheds
Albedo
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospheric particulate matter
Atmospheric particulates
Biomass burning
black carbon
Boundary layers
Bridges
brown carbon
Burning
Carbon
Carbon monoxide
Carbon particles
Chemical reactions
Climate change
Emissions
Environmental aspects
Environmental impact
Evaluation
Global climate
Human influences
HYSPLIT
Kilns
Lasers
Local climates
Low temperature
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Optical properties
Outdoor air quality
Oxides
Ozone
Particulate emissions
Particulate matter
photoacoustic measurements
Planetary boundary layer
Plumes
Pollutants
Radiation
Seasons
Smoke
Smoke plumes
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Sulphur
Sulphur dioxide
Summer
Suspended particulate matter
Tracking
troposphere
Urban areas
Vertical profiles
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Wavelengths
Wildfires
Winter
title Winter and Wildfire Season Optical Characterization of Black and Brown Carbon in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez Airshed
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