In Vitro Model of Human Trophoblast in Early Placentation

The complex process of placental implantation and development affects trophoblast progenitors and uterine cells through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion receptors and their ligands. Differentiation of trophoblast precursors in the trophectoderm of early ontogenesis, cause...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2022-04, Vol.10 (4), p.904
Main Authors: Bačenková, Darina, Trebuňová, Marianna, Čížková, Daša, Hudák, Radovan, Dosedla, Erik, Findrik-Balogová, Alena, Živčák, Jozef
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Achievement tests
CDX2 protein
Cell culture
Cell differentiation
Cell lines
Fetuses
GATA-3 protein
Gene expression
Gene regulation
Hydrogels
Hypoxia
Life Sciences
Molecular modelling
organoids
Phenotypes
Physiology
Placenta
Pregnancy
Progenitor cells
Review
Stem cells
Transcription factors
Trophectoderm
trophoblast invasion
trophoblast stem cells
Trophoblasts
Uterus
Veins & arteries
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Summary:The complex process of placental implantation and development affects trophoblast progenitors and uterine cells through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion receptors and their ligands. Differentiation of trophoblast precursors in the trophectoderm of early ontogenesis, caused by the transcription factors, such as CDX2, TEAD4, Eomes and GATA3, leads to the formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast populations. The molecular mechanisms involved in placental formation inside the human body along with the specification and differentiation of trophoblast cell lines are, mostly due to the lack of suitable cell models, not sufficiently elucidated. This review is an evaluation of current technologies, which are used to study the behavior of human trophoblasts and other placental cells, as well as their ability to represent physiological conditions both in vivo and in vitro. An in vitro 3D model with a characteristic phenotype is of great benefit for the study of placental physiology. At the same time, it provides great support for future modeling of placental disease.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines10040904