Lipopolysaccharide Increases Immune Activation and Alters T Cell Homeostasis in SHIVB’WHU Chronically Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaque

• Published in: Journal of immunology research 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-13
• Main Authors: Zheng, Yong-Tang, Pang, Wei, Tian, Ren-Rong, Zhang, Ming-Xu, Zhang, Xiao-Liang, Zheng, Hong-Yi, Wu, Run-Dong, Zhang, Gao-Hong, Liu, Guang-Ming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antiretroviral drugs; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; HIV; Homeostasis; Homeostasis - drug effects; Homeostasis - immunology; Host-Pathogen Interactions - drug effects; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunity, Innate - drug effects; Immunologic Memory - drug effects; Immunology; Infections; Interferon-gamma - genetics; Interferon-gamma - immunology; Interleukin-2 - genetics; Interleukin-2 - immunology; Interleukin-4 - genetics; Interleukin-4 - immunology; Laboratory animals; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects; Lymphocytes; Macaca mulatta; Male; Plasma; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - agonists; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - genetics; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology; Rodents; Signal Transduction; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - genetics; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - pathology; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - immunology; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - pathogenicity; Studies; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology; Viral infections; Virus Replication - drug effects; Zoology
• ISSN: 2314-8861; 2314-7156
• DOI: 10.1155/2015/202738

Immune activation plays a significant role in the disease progression of HIV. Microbial products, especially bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), contribute to immune activation. Increasing evidence indicates that T lymphocyte homeostasis disruptions are associated with immune activation. However, the mechanism by which LPS affects disruption of immune response is still not fully understood. Chronically SHIVB’WHU-infected Chinese rhesus macaques received 50 μg/kg body weight LPS in this study. LPS administration affected the virus/host equilibrium by elevating the levels of viral replication and activating T lymphocytes. LPS induced upregulation of CD8+ naïve T cells and downregulated the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T effector memory cells. The downregulated effector memory cells are associated with a lower frequency of monofunctional and polyfunctional cells, and an upregulated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed in monkeys after LPS stimulation. Our data provide new insights into the function of LPS in the immune activation in SHIV/HIV infection.