Molecular Mechanisms of Induction of Tolerant and Tolerogenic Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Mice

How does the host manage to tolerate its own intestinal microbiota? A simple question leading to complicated answers. In order to maintain balanced immune responses in the intestine, the host immune system must tolerate commensal bacteria in the gut while it has to simultaneously keep the ability to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunology research 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.1-12
Main Authors: Steimle, Alex, Frick, Julia-Stefanie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens
Bacteria
Dendritic cells
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Homeostasis
Immune system
Immune Tolerance
Immunology
Inflammation
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - immunology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - therapy
Intestinal Mucosa - cytology
Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
Intestines - immunology
Intestines - microbiology
Metabolites
Mice
Pathogens
Phenotype
Proteins
Review
Signal Transduction - genetics
Signal Transduction - immunology
Symbiosis
Toll-Like Receptors - genetics
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Transcription factors
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:How does the host manage to tolerate its own intestinal microbiota? A simple question leading to complicated answers. In order to maintain balanced immune responses in the intestine, the host immune system must tolerate commensal bacteria in the gut while it has to simultaneously keep the ability to fight pathogens and to clear infections. If this tender equilibrium is disturbed, severe chronic inflammatory reactions can result. Tolerogenic intestinal dendritic cells fulfil a crucial role in balancing immune responses and therefore creating homeostatic conditions and preventing from uncontrolled inflammation. Although several dendritic cell subsets have already been characterized to play a pivotal role in this process, less is known about definite molecular mechanisms of how intestinal dendritic cells are converted into tolerogenic ones. Here we review how gut commensal bacteria interact with intestinal dendritic cells and why this bacteria-host cell interaction is crucial for induction of dendritic cell tolerance in the intestine. Hereby, different commensal bacteria can have distinct effects on the phenotype of intestinal dendritic cells and these effects are mainly mediated by impacting toll-like receptor signalling in dendritic cells.
ISSN:2314-8861
2314-7156
DOI:10.1155/2016/1958650