The Sister Chromatid Division of the Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes in Silene Species and Their Transmissibility towards the Mitosis

Young sex chromosomes possess unique and ongoing dynamics that allow us to understand processes that have an impact on their evolution and divergence. The genus includes species with evolutionarily young sex chromosomes, and two species of section , namely (24, XY) and (24, XY), are well-established...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-02, Vol.23 (5), p.2422
Main Authors: Bačovský, Václav, Janíček, Tomáš, Hobza, Roman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell cycle
Cell division
central interpolar axis
Chromatids - physiology
chromosome velocity
Chromosomes
Chromosomes, Plant - physiology
Degeneration
Divergence
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Gene expression
Hydroxyurea
Hydroxyurea - pharmacology
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Localization
Mathematical models
Microscopy
Microscopy, Confocal
Mitosis
Mutation
Sex chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes - physiology
Sex determination
Silene
Silene - genetics
Silene - physiology
sister chromatid division
Synchronism
Synchronization
X chromosomes
Y chromosomes
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Summary:Young sex chromosomes possess unique and ongoing dynamics that allow us to understand processes that have an impact on their evolution and divergence. The genus includes species with evolutionarily young sex chromosomes, and two species of section , namely (24, XY) and (24, XY), are well-established models of sex chromosome evolution, Y chromosome degeneration, and sex determination. In both species, the X and Y chromosomes are strongly heteromorphic and differ in the genomic composition compared to the autosomes. It is generally accepted that for proper cell division, the longest chromosomal arm must not exceed half of the average length of the spindle axis at telophase. Yet, it is not clear what are the dynamics between males and females during mitosis and how the cell compensates for the presence of the large Y chromosome in one sex. Using hydroxyurea cell synchronization and 2D/3D microscopy, we determined the position of the sex chromosomes during the mitotic cell cycle and determined the upper limit for the expansion of sex chromosome non-recombining region. Using 3D specimen preparations, we found that the velocity of the large chromosomes is compensated by the distant positioning from the central interpolar axis, confirming previous mathematical modulations.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23052422