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Susceptibility of Carrion Crows to Experimental Infection with Lineage 1 and 2 West Nile Viruses

These birds are highly susceptible to strains circulating in Europe and, thus, may serve as surveillance sentinels. West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in North America have been characterized by substantial die-offs of American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ). In contrast, a low incidence of bird death...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases 2015-08, Vol.21 (8), p.1357-1365
Main Authors: Lim, Stephanie M, Brault, Aaron C, van Amerongen, Geert, Bosco-Lauth, Angela M, Romo, Hannah, Sewbalaksing, Varsha D, Bowen, Richard A, Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E, Koraka, Penelope, Martina, Byron E.E
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Language:English
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Summary:These birds are highly susceptible to strains circulating in Europe and, thus, may serve as surveillance sentinels. West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in North America have been characterized by substantial die-offs of American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ). In contrast, a low incidence of bird deaths has been observed during WNV epidemic activity in Europe. To examine the susceptibility of the western European counterpart of American crows, we inoculated carrion crows ( Corvus corone ) with WNV strains isolated in Greece (Gr-10), Italy (FIN and Ita09), and Hungary (578/10) and with the highly virulent North American genotype strain (NY99). We also inoculated American crows with a selection of these strains to examine the strains’ virulence in a highly susceptible bird species. Infection with all strains, except WNV FIN, resulted in high rates of death and high-level viremia in both bird species and virus dissemination to several organs. These results suggest that carrion crows are highly susceptible to WNV and may potentially be useful as part of dead bird surveillance for early warning of WNV activity in Europe.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid2108.140714