Downregulation of immunological mediators in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by hydrocortisone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine 2014-01, Vol.9 (Issue 1), p.5143-5156
• Main Authors: Hussain, Zahid, Katas, Haliza, Mohd Amin, Mohd Cairul Iqbal, Kumolosasi, Endang, Sahudin, Shariza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Atopic dermatitis; Chemicals; Chitin; Chitosan - chemistry; chitosan nanocarrier; Complications and side effects; Cytokines - analysis; Cytokines - metabolism; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic - chemically induced; Dermatitis, Atopic - drug therapy; Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology; Dinitrofluorobenzene - toxicity; Disease Models, Animal; Dosage and administration; Down-Regulation - drug effects; Drug Carriers - administration & dosage; Drug Carriers - chemistry; Drug delivery systems; Drug therapy; Drugs; Eczema; elastic fibers; glucocorticoids; Hydrocortisone; Hydrocortisone - administration & dosage; Hydrocortisone - chemistry; Immunology; Mice; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Original Research; Peptides; Pharmacy; Physiological aspects; Random Allocation; Steroids; topical delivery; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vehicles
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S71543

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, noncontiguous, and exudative disorder accompanied by perivascular infiltration of immune mediators, including T-helper (Type 1 helper/Type 2 helper) cells, mast cells, and immunoglobulin E. The current study explores the immunomodulatory and histological effects of nanoparticle (NP)-based transcutaneous delivery of hydrocortisone (HC). In this study, HC, the least potent topical glucocorticoid, was administered transcutaneously as chitosan NPs. The pharmacological and immunological effects of the NP-based HC delivery on the alleviation of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions were evaluated using the NC/Nga mouse model. In vivo Dino-Lite(®) microscopic assessment revealed that the NP-based formulation displayed a remarkable ability to reduce the severity of the pathological features of AD (dermatitis index, 3.0). The AD suppressive activity of the NP-based topical formulation was expected owing to the interruption of a series of immunopathological events, including the production of immunoglobulin E, release of histamine, and expression of prostaglandin-E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-α in the sera and skin of the tested animals. Analysis of the cytokine expression in AD-like skin lesions further revealed that the NP-based formulation inhibited the pathological expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-12p70, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and skin homogenates of NC/Nga mice. Further, our histological findings indicated that the NP-based formulation inhibited fibroblast infiltration and fragmentation of elastic fibers, further supporting the clinical importance of these formulations in maintaining the integrity of elastic connective tissues. The current investigation suggests that NP-mediated transcutaneous delivery of HC could be considered an effective therapeutic approach to manage dermatitis.