Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota

Studies analyzing the composition of gut microbiota are quite common at present, mainly due to the rapid development of DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade. This is valid also for chickens and their gut microbiota. However, chickens represent a specific model for host-microbiota inter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2020-01, Vol.10 (1), p.103
Main Author: Rychlik, Ivan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
bacteroidetes
caecum
Campylobacter
chicken
Chickens
Chicks
Colon
Composition
Cyanobacteria
development
Digestive system
DNA sequencing
Domestication
E coli
Eggs
faecal
firmicutes
Gram-positive bacteria
gut microbiota
Hatcheries
Hatching
ileum
Intestinal microflora
Juveniles
Life span
Microbiological research
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Nests
Offspring
Physiology
Poultry
Probiotics
Review
rRNA 16S
Salmonella
Small intestine
Stomach
Veterinary research
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Summary:Studies analyzing the composition of gut microbiota are quite common at present, mainly due to the rapid development of DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade. This is valid also for chickens and their gut microbiota. However, chickens represent a specific model for host-microbiota interactions since contact between parents and offspring has been completely interrupted in domesticated chickens. Nearly all studies describe microbiota of chicks from hatcheries and these chickens are considered as references and controls. In reality, such chickens represent an extreme experimental group since control chicks should be, by nature, hatched in nests in contact with the parent hen. Not properly realising this fact and utilising only 16S rRNA sequencing results means that many conclusions are of questionable biological relevance. The specifics of chicken-related gut microbiota are therefore stressed in this review together with current knowledge of the biological role of selected microbiota members. These microbiota members are then evaluated for their intended use as a form of next-generation probiotics.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani10010103