Regulation of RXR-RAR Heterodimers by RXR- and RAR-Specific Ligands and Their Combinations

The three subtypes (α, β, and γ) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Heterodimers are functional units that bind ligands (retinoids), transcriptional co-regulat...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.8 (11), p.1392
Main Authors: le Maire, Albane, Teyssier, Catherine, Balaguer, Patrick, Bourguet, William, Germain, Pierre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell death
Cell differentiation
coactivators
corepressors
Gene expression
heterodimers
Life Sciences
Ligands
Proteins
rar
Retinoic acid receptors
Retinoid X receptors
Retinoids
rxr
transcription
Transcription factors
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The three subtypes (α, β, and γ) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Heterodimers are functional units that bind ligands (retinoids), transcriptional co-regulators and DNA, to regulate gene networks controlling cell growth, differentiation, and death. Using biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular approaches, we have set out to explore the spectrum of possibilities to regulate RXR-RAR heterodimer-dependent transcription through various pharmacological classes of RAR- and RXR- specific ligands, alone or in combination. We reveal the molecular details by which these compounds direct specificity and functionality of RXR-RAR heterodimers. Among these ligands, we have reevaluated and improved the molecular and structural definition of compounds CD2665, Ro41-5253, LE135, or LG100754, highlighting novel functional features of these molecules. Our analysis reveals a model of RXR-RAR heterodimer action in which each subunit retains its intrinsic properties in terms of ligand and co-regulator binding. However, their interplay upon the combined action of RAR- and RXR-ligands allows for the fine tuning of heterodimer activity. It also stresses the importance of accurate ligand characterization to use synthetic selective retinoids appropriately and avoid data misinterpretations.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells8111392