Ivermectin under scrutiny: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and possible sources of controversies in COVID-19 patients

• Published in: Virology journal 2022-06, Vol.19 (1), p.102-20, Article 102
• Main Authors: Shafiee, Arman, Teymouri Athar, Mohammad Mobin, Kohandel Gargari, Omid, Jafarabady, Kyana, Siahvoshi, Sepehr, Mozhgani, Sayed-Hamidreza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bias; Clinical trials; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Disease transmission; Drugs; Hospitalization; Humans; Ivermectin; Ivermectin - therapeutic use; Management; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Pandemics; Patient outcomes; Patients; Polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2; Secondary data analysis; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Systematic review; Treatment; Viral Load
• ISSN: 1743-422X; 1743-422X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01829-8

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 patients based on current peer-reviewed RCTs and to address disputes over the existing evidence. MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Google scholar and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for RCTs assessing the efficacy of Ivermectin up to 20 February 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed based on the PRISMA 2020 statement criteria. 19 and 17 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. There was no significant difference in progression to severe disease (log OR - 0.27 [95% CI - 0.61 to 0.08], I2 = 42.29%), negative RT-PCR (log OR 0.25 [95% CI - 0.18-0.68], I2 = 58.73%), recovery (log OR 0.11 [95% CI - 0.22-0.45], I2 = 13.84%), duration of hospitalization (SMD - 0.40 [95% CI - 0.85-0.06], I2 = 88.90%), time to negative RT-PCR (SMD - 0.36 [95% CI - 0.89-0.17], I2 = 46.2%), and viral load (SMD -0.17 [95% CI -0.45 to 0.12], I^2 = 0%). It is worth noting that, based on low-certainty evidence, ivermectin may possibly reduce mortality (log OR - 0.67 [95% CI - 1.20 to - 0.13], I2 = 28.96%). However, studies with a higher risk of bias were more likely to indicate positive effects on the efficacy of this drug, according to our subgroup analyses based on study quality. Ivermectin did not have any significant effect on outcomes of COVID-19 patients and as WHO recommends, use of ivermectin should be limited to clinical trials.