Supportive Treatment of a Dog with Leishmaniosis and Severe Glomerulopathy with Immunoadsorption

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) 2024-02, Vol.13 (3), p.193
• Main Authors: Sänger, Florian, Bergmann, Michèle, Hartmann, Katrin, Dörfelt, René
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Allopurinol; Antibodies; azotemia; Blood; Blood circulation; Blood flow; Blood volume; Care and treatment; Case Report; Catheters; Clopidogrel; Creatinine; Cytokines; Diarrhea; Diseases; Dogs; Glomerulonephritis; Health aspects; Hemodialysis; Hemoperfusion; Immunoadsorption; immunocomplex glomerulonephritis; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Immunotherapy; Inflammation; Kidney diseases; leishmania infantum infection; Leishmaniasis; Leptospirosis; Lymph nodes; Methods; Miltefosine; Nutrient deficiency; Plasma; Proteinuria; Ultrasonic imaging; Urinalysis; Urine; Vectors (Biology)
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030193

A three-year-old, intact female mix-breed dog, weighing 30 kg, was presented due to vomitus and diarrhea. At presentation, the patient had a slightly reduced general condition and moderately enlarged mandibular and popliteal lymph nodes. The initial blood work showed severe azotemia and hypoalbuminemia. In the urinalysis, marked proteinuria with a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) of 4.69 was found. Further workup showed a high leishmania antibody titer. The dog was diagnosed with leishmaniosis and glomerulonephritis. Initial treatment consisted of intravenous fluid therapy, allopurinol, miltefosine, amlodipine, clopidogrel, and a diet with a low purine content. Creatinine temporarily decreased but increased again after three days. For further supportive treatment, intermittent hemodialysis in combination with hemoperfusion with the cytosorb adsorber was performed. A total blood volume of 17.7 L was processed within three hours. Thereafter, immunoadsorption (IA) was performed with the COM.TEC and ADAsorb platforms and a LIGASORB adsorber to eliminate circulating immunocomplexes. Treatment time for IA was two hours with a blood flow of 50 mL/min. A total plasma volume of 2.4 L was processed. Over the following days, creatinine declined, and the patient improved significantly. UPC decreased to 1.74 on day 17 after IA. The patient was discharged after two and a half weeks. Two years after the initial event, the patient is still in excellent condition, with creatinine, UPC, and albumin levels in the reference range. Therefore, IA might be an additional therapeutic option for dogs with leishmaniosis-induced glomerulonephritis and subsequent severe azotemia to improve immunocomplex-mediated glomerulonephritis.