Autoantibodies directed against interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 are not induced by SARS-CoV-2 or associated with long COVID

•COVID-19 severity has been associated with the presence of autoantibodies.•Autoantibodies aIFNα, ANA, aCL, & aβ2GP1 were not induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.•Observed autoantibody prevalence was the same in those with and without long COVID. Autoantibodies (AAbs) directed against interferon alp...

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Published in:International journal of infectious diseases 2025-01, Vol.150, p.107289, Article 107289
Main Authors: Epstein-Shuman, Adam, Hunt, Joanne H., Caturegli, Patrizio, Winguth, Patrick, Fernandez, Reinaldo E., Rozek, Gracie M., Zhu, Xianming, DiRico, Nicholas A., Jamal, Armaan, Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang, Manabe, Yukari C., Redd, Andrew D., Reynolds, Steven J., Antar, Annukka A.R., Laeyendecker, Oliver
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Autoantibodies
Autoantibodies - blood
Autoantibodies - immunology
beta 2-Glycoprotein I - immunology
Cardiolipins - immunology
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
Female
Humans
Interferon-alpha - blood
Interferon-alpha - immunology
Long COVID
Male
Middle Aged
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
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container_start_page 107289
container_title International journal of infectious diseases
container_volume 150
creator Epstein-Shuman, Adam
Hunt, Joanne H.
Caturegli, Patrizio
Winguth, Patrick
Fernandez, Reinaldo E.
Rozek, Gracie M.
Zhu, Xianming
DiRico, Nicholas A.
Jamal, Armaan
Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang
Manabe, Yukari C.
Redd, Andrew D.
Reynolds, Steven J.
Antar, Annukka A.R.
Laeyendecker, Oliver
description •COVID-19 severity has been associated with the presence of autoantibodies.•Autoantibodies aIFNα, ANA, aCL, & aβ2GP1 were not induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.•Observed autoantibody prevalence was the same in those with and without long COVID. Autoantibodies (AAbs) directed against interferon alpha (aIFNα), nuclear antigens (ANAs), anti-cardiolipin (aCL), and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (aβ2GP1), have been demonstrated to significantly correlate with the severity of acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces these AAbs and whether they are associated with long COVID remains unclear. The potential induction of aIFNα, ANAs, aCL, and aβ2GP1 by SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by measuring these AAbs in 224 pre- and post-infection paired serum samples from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Department (JHHED). The relationship between these AAbs and long COVID was assessed using 60 serum samples from participants in the Outpatient SARS-CoV-2 Mild and Asymptomatic Infection Response and Transmission study. We found no evidence that these AAbs were induced in the JHHED cohort and no significant difference in their prevalence between patients with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) long COVID in the OutSMART cohort. These findings do not support the hypotheses that SARS-CoV-2 induces these AAbs or that they are related to long COVID.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107289
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Autoantibodies (AAbs) directed against interferon alpha (aIFNα), nuclear antigens (ANAs), anti-cardiolipin (aCL), and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (aβ2GP1), have been demonstrated to significantly correlate with the severity of acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces these AAbs and whether they are associated with long COVID remains unclear. The potential induction of aIFNα, ANAs, aCL, and aβ2GP1 by SARS-CoV-2 was assessed by measuring these AAbs in 224 pre- and post-infection paired serum samples from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Department (JHHED). The relationship between these AAbs and long COVID was assessed using 60 serum samples from participants in the Outpatient SARS-CoV-2 Mild and Asymptomatic Infection Response and Transmission study. We found no evidence that these AAbs were induced in the JHHED cohort and no significant difference in their prevalence between patients with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) long COVID in the OutSMART cohort. 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subjects Adult
Aged
Autoantibodies
Autoantibodies - blood
Autoantibodies - immunology
beta 2-Glycoprotein I - immunology
Cardiolipins - immunology
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
Female
Humans
Interferon-alpha - blood
Interferon-alpha - immunology
Long COVID
Male
Middle Aged
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
title Autoantibodies directed against interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 are not induced by SARS-CoV-2 or associated with long COVID
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