Catalytic Synthesis of the Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from Biomass Sugars

A new generation of bioplatform molecule 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) has excellent energy density and combustion performance, which makes it a potential fuel additive. This article reviews the factors that affect the production of EMF from different feedstocks, including platform compounds, monosac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chemistry 2021-11, Vol.2021, p.1-16
Main Authors: Yu, Dayong, Liu, Xiaofang, Jiang, Jingjing, Liu, Yixuan, Tan, Jinyu, Li, Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Alternative energy sources
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
Biomass
Biomass energy
By products
Carbohydrates
Cassava
Catalysis
Catalysts
Cellulose
Chemical synthesis
Chemicals
Combustion
Ethanol
Flux density
Fuel additives
Glucose
Ionic liquids
Lignocellulose
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Solvents
Sucrose
Sugar
Sugars
Tetrahydrofuran
Zeolites
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Summary:A new generation of bioplatform molecule 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) has excellent energy density and combustion performance, which makes it a potential fuel additive. This article reviews the factors that affect the production of EMF from different feedstocks, including platform compounds, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and raw lignocellulosic biomass. Focus is placed on discussing the catalytic efficiency with pros and cons of different acid catalysts, including homogeneous catalysts (i.e., liquid acids and metal salts), heterogeneous catalysts (i.e., zeolites, heteropolyacid-based hybrids, and SO3H-based catalysts), ionic liquids, mixed acid catalysts, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Except for the commonly used ethanol solvent, this review also summarizes the influence of the cosolvent system (e.g., ethanol/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol/tetrahydrofuran (THF), and ethanol/γ-valerolactone (GVL)) on the EMF yield.
ISSN:2090-9063
2090-9071
DOI:10.1155/2021/9015481