Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive hear...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diseases 2021-12, Vol.9 (4), p.88
Main Authors: Mitra, Amal K, Bhuiyan, Azad R, Jones, Elizabeth A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
age
Alcoholism
Apnea
Asthma
Blood pressure
Body weight
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cerebral infarction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Congestive heart failure
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Drug abuse
Embolism
Epidemiology
Eye movements
Heart failure
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Kidney diseases
Myocardial infarction
Obesity
Oxygen
Population
Researchers
Review
Risk factors
Sleep
Sleep and wakefulness
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorders
Stroke
Systematic review
Thyroid diseases
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Summary:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and bronchial asthma. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence for the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease morbidities and identify risk factors for the conditions. In a review of 34 studies conducted in 28 countries with a sample of 37,599 people, several comorbidities were identified in patients with severe OSA-these were: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, COPD, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, cerebral infarct or embolism, myocardial infarction, and psychological comorbidities including stress and depression. Important risk factors contributing to OSA included: age > 35 years; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m ; alcoholism; higher Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS); mean apnea duration; oxygen desaturation index (ODI); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD). Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation index. The risk of OSA and associated disease morbidities can be reduced by controlling overweight/obesity, alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.
ISSN:2079-9721
2079-9721
DOI:10.3390/diseases9040088