Linear and non linear measures of pupil size as a function of hypnotizability

• Published in: Scientific reports 2021-03, Vol.11 (1), p.5196-5196, Article 5196
• Main Authors: Lanatà, Antonio, Greco, Alberto, Ciardelli, Mirco, Uvelli, Allison, Fratini, Elisabetta, Manzoni, Diego, Scilingo, Enzo P., Santarcangelo, Enrica L., Sebastiani, Laura
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/378; 631/378/2649; 631/378/2649/1310; 631/378/2649/1398; 631/378/2649/2150; Anxiety; Arousal; Cortex (motor); Dopamine; EKG; Excitability; Heart rate; Humanities and Social Sciences; Locus coeruleus; multidisciplinary; Norepinephrine; Parasympathetic nervous system; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84756-y

Higher arousal and cortical excitability have been observed in high hypnotizable individuals (highs) with respect to low hypnotizables (lows), which may be due to differences in the activation of ascending activating systems. The present study investigated the possible hypnotizability-related difference in the cortical noradrenergic tone sustained by the activity of the Locus Coeruleus which is strongly related to pupil size. This was measured during relaxation in three groups of participants—highs (N = 15), lows (N = 15) and medium hypnotizable individuals (mediums, N = 11)—in the time and frequency domains and through the Recurrence Quantification Analysis. ECG and Skin Conductace (SC) were monitored to extract autonomic indices of relaxation (heart interbeats intervals, parasympathetic component of heart rate variability (RMSSD) and tonic SC (MeanTonicSC). Most variables indicated that participants relaxed throughout the session. Pupil features did not show significant differences between highs, mediums and lows, except for the spectral Band Median Frequency which was higher in mediums than in lows and highs at the beginning, but not at the end of the session.Thus, the present findings of pupil size cannot account for the differences in arousal and motor cortex excitability observed between highs and lows in resting conditions.