Insights into Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Most neurodegenerative disorders have complex and still unresolved pathology characterized by progressive neuronal damage and death. Astrocytes, the most-abundant non-neuronal cell population in the central nervous system, play a vital role in these processes. They are involved in various functions...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.12 (3), p.344
Main Authors: Kumar, Mandeep, Nguyen, Nhung Thi Phuong, Milanese, Marco, Bonanno, Giambattista
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Astrocytes
Astrocytes - metabolism
Brain research
Cell cycle
Cell Differentiation
Central nervous system
Chronic illnesses
disease modeling
Drug screening
Fibroblasts
Genotype & phenotype
Growth factors
human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Humans
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism
Inflammation
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
iPSC-derived astrocytes
Lactic acid
Metabolism
Morphology
Neurodegeneration
neurodegenerative disease
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurons - metabolism
Physiology
Pluripotency
Review
Spinal cord
Stem cells
Synapses
Synaptogenesis
Transplantation
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Summary:Most neurodegenerative disorders have complex and still unresolved pathology characterized by progressive neuronal damage and death. Astrocytes, the most-abundant non-neuronal cell population in the central nervous system, play a vital role in these processes. They are involved in various functions in the brain, such as the regulation of synapse formation, neuroinflammation, and lactate and glutamate levels. The development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reformed the research in neurodegenerative disorders allowing for the generation of disease-relevant neuronal and non-neuronal cell types that can help in disease modeling, drug screening, and, possibly, cell transplantation strategies. In the last 14 years, the differentiation of human iPSCs into astrocytes allowed for the opportunity to explore the contribution of astrocytes to neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the development protocols and applications of human iPSC-derived astrocytes in the most common neurodegenerative conditions.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom12030344