The Role of Forkhead Box Protein M1 in Breast Cancer Progression and Resistance to Therapy

The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in normal cell growth and proliferation through control of cell cycle transition and mitotic spindle. It is implicated in carcinogenesis of various malignancies where it is activated by either amplification, increased sta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Breast Cancer 2016-01, Vol.2016 (2016), p.103-110
Main Authors: Dudek, Arkadiusz Z., Zacny, James P., Alsayed, Alhareth, Saba, Raya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Breast cancer
Cell cycle
Cell growth
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA repair
Gene expression
Growth factors
Kinases
Phosphatase
Phosphorylation
Proteins
Review
Rodents
Transcription factors
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Summary:The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in normal cell growth and proliferation through control of cell cycle transition and mitotic spindle. It is implicated in carcinogenesis of various malignancies where it is activated by either amplification, increased stability, enhanced transcription, dysfunction of regulatory pathways, or activation of PI3K/AKT, epidermal growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK/MAPK, and Hedgehog pathways. This review describes the role of FOXM1 in breast cancer. This includes how FOXM1 impacts on different subtypes of breast cancer, that is, luminal/estrogen receptor positive (ER+), expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), basal-like breast cancer (BBC), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The review also describes different tested preclinical therapeutic strategies targeting FOXM1. Developing clinically applicable therapies that specifically inhibit FOXM1 activity is a logical next step in biomarker-driven approaches against breast cancer but will not be without its challenges due to the unique properties of this transcription factor.
ISSN:2090-3170
2090-3189
DOI:10.1155/2016/9768183