Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

• Published in: Nutrients 2019-05, Vol.11 (6), p.1225
• Main Authors: Chen, Keyu, Xie, Kun, Liu, Zhuying, Nakasone, Yasushi, Sakao, Kozue, Hossain, Amzad, Hou, De-Xing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 16s RRNA genes; Acetic acid; Age; Amino acids; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Attenuation; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - growth & development; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body weight; Butyric acid; Carbohydrates; Cecum; Cellulose; Dextrin; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary fiber; Digestive system; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias - blood; Dyslipidemias - etiology; Dyslipidemias - prevention & control; Fasting; Food; fructan; Garlic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; gut microbiome; high-fat diet; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Hyperlipidemia; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Intestines - microbiology; Intestines - pathology; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Metabolic disorders; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Moisture content; Plant Roots; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Serum levels
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11061225

Garlic ( L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_ and reducing the relative abundance of g_ . Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.