New Frontiers in IVF: mtDNA and autologous germline mitochondrial energy transfer

Many infertility specialists support the existence of a relationship between the levels of mitochondrial DNA and the quality of the blastocysts. Despite the extensive use of pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, a significant percentage of euploid embryos do not implant even though the en...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reproductive biology and endocrinology 2019-07, Vol.17 (1), p.55-55, Article 55
Main Authors: Cozzolino, Mauro, Marin, Diego, Sisti, Giovanni
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autologous mitochondria
Cellular Senescence
DNA, Mitochondrial
Egg precursor cells
Embryonic development
Energy Metabolism
Female
Fertilization in Vitro - trends
Genetic aspects
Genetic testing
Human fertilization in vitro
Humans
In vitro fertilization
Methods
Mitochondria - transplantation
Mitochondrial DNA
mtDNA
Obstetrical research
Oocyte quality
Oocytes - physiology
Review
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Summary:Many infertility specialists support the existence of a relationship between the levels of mitochondrial DNA and the quality of the blastocysts. Despite the extensive use of pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, a significant percentage of euploid embryos do not implant even though the endometrium is normal. Mitochondrial DNA may be used as a new test in evaluating embryonic vitality.Ovarian aging leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of oocytes and aged oocytes have a reduced number of mitochondria. Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells and their lacked could leads to lower fertilization rates and poor embryonic development. Various strategies have been tested to increase the mitochondria quantity and thus improve the quality of oocytes used in in vitro fertilization. Results of ovarian rejuvenation techniques such as autologous mitochondrial transplantation have been controversial. In this review, we describe the state of the art concerning the use of mitochondrial DNA and autologous mitochondrial transplantation as new possibilities to increase success in vitro fertilization.
ISSN:1477-7827
1477-7827
DOI:10.1186/s12958-019-0501-z