Epitranscriptome: Review of Top 25 Most-Studied RNA Modifications

The alphabet of building blocks for RNA molecules is much larger than the standard four nucleotides. The diversity is achieved by the post-transcriptional biochemical modification of these nucleotides into distinct chemical entities that are structurally and functionally different from their unmodif...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-11, Vol.23 (22), p.13851
Main Authors: Arzumanian, Viktoriia A, Dolgalev, Georgii V, Kurbatov, Ilya Y, Kiseleva, Olga I, Poverennaya, Ekaterina V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Enzymes
epitranscriptome
Liver cancer
Mass spectrometry
Nucleotides
Post-transcription
Review
Reviews
RNA
RNA - metabolism
RNA modifications
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Scientific imaging
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Transfer RNA
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Summary:The alphabet of building blocks for RNA molecules is much larger than the standard four nucleotides. The diversity is achieved by the post-transcriptional biochemical modification of these nucleotides into distinct chemical entities that are structurally and functionally different from their unmodified counterparts. Some of these modifications are constituent and critical for RNA functions, while others serve as dynamic markings to regulate the fate of specific RNA molecules. Together, these modifications form the epitranscriptome, an essential layer of cellular biochemistry. As of the time of writing this review, more than 300 distinct RNA modifications from all three life domains have been identified. However, only a few of the most well-established modifications are included in most reviews on this topic. To provide a complete overview of the current state of research on the epitranscriptome, we analyzed the extent of the available information for all known RNA modifications. We selected 25 modifications to describe in detail. Summarizing our findings, we describe the current status of research on most RNA modifications and identify further developments in this field.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232213851