Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation

As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-09, Vol.15, p.1455691
Main Authors: Yue, Liting, Li, Jisong, Yao, Mingjun, Song, Siyuan, Zhang, Xiaoqin, Wang, Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allogenic and xenogenic islet transplantation
Animals
Graft Rejection - immunology
Graft Rejection - prevention & control
Graft Survival - drug effects
Graft Survival - immunology
Humans
immune response
immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use
islet transplantation
Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - adverse effects
Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - immunology
Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods
Transplantation, Heterologous
Transplantation, Homologous
xenotransplantation
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Summary:As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand for organ transplants, making xenotransplantation a crucial method for addressing organ shortages. This review will cover the following three aspects: 1) the immune responses occurring during allogeneic islet transplantation, including three stages: inflammation and IBMIR, allogeneic immune response, and autoimmune recurrence; 2) commonly used immunosuppressants in allogeneic islet transplantation, including calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, glucocorticoids, and Bortezomib; and 3) early and late immune responses in xenogeneic islet transplantation and the immune effects of triple therapy (ECDI-fixed donor spleen cells (ECDI-SP) + anti-CD20 + Sirolimus) on xenotransplantation.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455691