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Phospholipid Encapsulation of an Anti-Fibrotic Endopeptide to Enhance Cellular Uptake and Myocardial Retention
Cardioprotective effects of -acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (Ac-SDKP) have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial remodeling. However, the rapid degradation of this endogenous peptide in vivo limits its clinical use. To prolong its bioavailability, Ac-SDKP was encapsulated by phosphocholine lipid...
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Published in: | Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-06, Vol.12 (12), p.1589 |
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creator | Sonkawade, Swati D Xu, Shirley Kim, Minhyung Nepali, Sarmila Karambizi, Victoire-Grace Sexton, Sandra Turowski, Steven G Li, Kunpeng Spernyak, Joseph A Lovell, Jonathan F George, Anthony Suwal, Sujit Sharma, Umesh C Pokharel, Saraswati |
description | Cardioprotective effects of
-acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (Ac-SDKP) have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial remodeling. However, the rapid degradation of this endogenous peptide in vivo limits its clinical use.
To prolong its bioavailability, Ac-SDKP was encapsulated by phosphocholine lipid bilayers (liposomes) similar to mammalian cell membranes. The physical properties of the liposome structures were assessed by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of Ac-SDKP by RAW 264.7 macrophages and human and murine primary cardiac fibroblasts was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrum computerized tomography and competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to measure the ex vivo cardiac biodistribution of Ac-SDKP. The biological effects of this novel synthetic compound were examined in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts and in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation.
A liposome formulation resulted in the greater uptake of Ac-SDKP than the naked peptide by cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP decreased fibroinflammatory genes in cultured cardiac fibroblasts co-treated with TGF-β1 and macrophages stimulated with LPS. Serial tissue and serum immunoassays showed the high bioavailability of Ac-SDKP in mouse myocardium and in circulation. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibroinflammatory responses in mice with acute myocardial infarction.
Encapsulation of Ac-SDKP in a cell membrane-like phospholipid bilayer enhances its plasma and tissue bioavailability and offers cardioprotection against ischemic myocardial injury. Future clinical trials can use this novel approach to test small protective endogenous peptides in myocardial remodeling. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cells12121589 |
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-acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (Ac-SDKP) have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial remodeling. However, the rapid degradation of this endogenous peptide in vivo limits its clinical use.
To prolong its bioavailability, Ac-SDKP was encapsulated by phosphocholine lipid bilayers (liposomes) similar to mammalian cell membranes. The physical properties of the liposome structures were assessed by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of Ac-SDKP by RAW 264.7 macrophages and human and murine primary cardiac fibroblasts was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrum computerized tomography and competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to measure the ex vivo cardiac biodistribution of Ac-SDKP. The biological effects of this novel synthetic compound were examined in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts and in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation.
A liposome formulation resulted in the greater uptake of Ac-SDKP than the naked peptide by cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP decreased fibroinflammatory genes in cultured cardiac fibroblasts co-treated with TGF-β1 and macrophages stimulated with LPS. Serial tissue and serum immunoassays showed the high bioavailability of Ac-SDKP in mouse myocardium and in circulation. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibroinflammatory responses in mice with acute myocardial infarction.
Encapsulation of Ac-SDKP in a cell membrane-like phospholipid bilayer enhances its plasma and tissue bioavailability and offers cardioprotection against ischemic myocardial injury. Future clinical trials can use this novel approach to test small protective endogenous peptides in myocardial remodeling.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cells12121589</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37371059</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Animals ; Bioavailability ; Blood pressure ; C57BL/6j ; cardiac fibroblasts ; Cardiac function ; Care and treatment ; Cell membranes ; Cholesterol ; Chromatography ; Clinical trials ; Collagen - metabolism ; Computed tomography ; Coronary artery ; Efficiency ; Encapsulation ; Enzymes ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Flow cytometry ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Heart ; Heart failure ; Hemodialysis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ischemia ; Light scattering ; Lipid bilayers ; Lipids ; liposome ; Liposomes ; Liposomes - metabolism ; Macrophages ; Mammals - metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Myocardial infarction ; Myocardial Infarction - metabolism ; Myocardium ; Myocardium - metabolism ; Peptides ; Phosphocholine ; Phospholipids ; Phospholipids - metabolism ; Physiological aspects ; Pulmonary fibrosis ; RAW 264.7 macrophages ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Tissue Distribution ; Transforming growth factor-b1</subject><ispartof>Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-06, Vol.12 (12), p.1589</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-c0870588f990a063114cdcdc3f183f36b514fe9e0b3f84b6a48429eaff4c053a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-c0870588f990a063114cdcdc3f183f36b514fe9e0b3f84b6a48429eaff4c053a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5049-4737 ; 0000-0002-9052-884X ; 0000-0003-0476-2523</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2829792362/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2829792362?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37371059$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sonkawade, Swati D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Shirley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Minhyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nepali, Sarmila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karambizi, Victoire-Grace</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sexton, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turowski, Steven G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kunpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spernyak, Joseph A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovell, Jonathan F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>George, Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suwal, Sujit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Umesh C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pokharel, Saraswati</creatorcontrib><title>Phospholipid Encapsulation of an Anti-Fibrotic Endopeptide to Enhance Cellular Uptake and Myocardial Retention</title><title>Cells (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Cells</addtitle><description>Cardioprotective effects of
-acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (Ac-SDKP) have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial remodeling. However, the rapid degradation of this endogenous peptide in vivo limits its clinical use.
To prolong its bioavailability, Ac-SDKP was encapsulated by phosphocholine lipid bilayers (liposomes) similar to mammalian cell membranes. The physical properties of the liposome structures were assessed by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of Ac-SDKP by RAW 264.7 macrophages and human and murine primary cardiac fibroblasts was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrum computerized tomography and competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to measure the ex vivo cardiac biodistribution of Ac-SDKP. The biological effects of this novel synthetic compound were examined in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts and in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation.
A liposome formulation resulted in the greater uptake of Ac-SDKP than the naked peptide by cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP decreased fibroinflammatory genes in cultured cardiac fibroblasts co-treated with TGF-β1 and macrophages stimulated with LPS. Serial tissue and serum immunoassays showed the high bioavailability of Ac-SDKP in mouse myocardium and in circulation. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibroinflammatory responses in mice with acute myocardial infarction.
Encapsulation of Ac-SDKP in a cell membrane-like phospholipid bilayer enhances its plasma and tissue bioavailability and offers cardioprotection against ischemic myocardial injury. Future clinical trials can use this novel approach to test small protective endogenous peptides in myocardial remodeling.</description><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>C57BL/6j</subject><subject>cardiac fibroblasts</subject><subject>Cardiac function</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cell membranes</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Collagen - metabolism</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Coronary artery</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Encapsulation</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Fluorescence microscopy</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart failure</subject><subject>Hemodialysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Light scattering</subject><subject>Lipid bilayers</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>liposome</subject><subject>Liposomes</subject><subject>Liposomes - metabolism</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Mammals - metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Myocardial infarction</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - metabolism</subject><subject>Myocardium</subject><subject>Myocardium - metabolism</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Phosphocholine</subject><subject>Phospholipids</subject><subject>Phospholipids - metabolism</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Pulmonary fibrosis</subject><subject>RAW 264.7 macrophages</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b1</subject><issn>2073-4409</issn><issn>2073-4409</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUk1v1DAQjRCIVqVHrigSFy4pduw49gmtVi1UKgIherYm_tj1krWDna3Uf88sW0oX4Tl4PH7veWY8VfWakgvGFHlv3DgW2qJ1Uj2rTlvSs4Zzop4_8U-q81I2BJekgpLuZXXCetajp06r-HWdyrROY5iCrS-jgansRphDinXyNcR6EefQXIUhpzkYRNg0uWkO1tVzwuMaonH1EhNBWq5vpxl-OOTZ-vN9MpBtgLH-5mYX95qvqhcexuLOH_az6vbq8vvyU3Pz5eP1cnHTmI6ruTFE9qST0itFgAhGKTcWjXkqmWdi6Cj3TjkyMC_5IIBL3ioH3nNDOgbsrLo-6NoEGz3lsIV8rxME_TuQ8kpDxnpGpztLnbD9ACAE73ummKRyGJji4JznPWp9OGhNu2HrrMFKMoxHosc3Maz1Kt1pSlollOpQ4d2DQk4_d67MehvK_u8gurQrupWMCIE_IhH69h_oJu1yxF4hqlW9aplo_6JWgBWE6BM-bPaietFjB3tB2D7xi_-g0KzbBpOi8wHjR4TmQDA5lZKdfyySEr0fOH00cIh_87Qzj-g_48V-Afld0N0</recordid><startdate>20230601</startdate><enddate>20230601</enddate><creator>Sonkawade, Swati D</creator><creator>Xu, Shirley</creator><creator>Kim, Minhyung</creator><creator>Nepali, Sarmila</creator><creator>Karambizi, Victoire-Grace</creator><creator>Sexton, Sandra</creator><creator>Turowski, Steven G</creator><creator>Li, Kunpeng</creator><creator>Spernyak, Joseph A</creator><creator>Lovell, Jonathan F</creator><creator>George, Anthony</creator><creator>Suwal, Sujit</creator><creator>Sharma, Umesh C</creator><creator>Pokharel, Saraswati</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-4737</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-884X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-2523</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230601</creationdate><title>Phospholipid Encapsulation of an Anti-Fibrotic Endopeptide to Enhance Cellular Uptake and Myocardial Retention</title><author>Sonkawade, Swati D ; Xu, Shirley ; Kim, Minhyung ; Nepali, Sarmila ; Karambizi, Victoire-Grace ; Sexton, Sandra ; Turowski, Steven G ; Li, Kunpeng ; Spernyak, Joseph A ; Lovell, Jonathan F ; George, Anthony ; Suwal, Sujit ; Sharma, Umesh C ; Pokharel, Saraswati</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-c0870588f990a063114cdcdc3f183f36b514fe9e0b3f84b6a48429eaff4c053a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>C57BL/6j</topic><topic>cardiac fibroblasts</topic><topic>Cardiac function</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Cell membranes</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Collagen - metabolism</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Coronary artery</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Encapsulation</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Fluorescence microscopy</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart failure</topic><topic>Hemodialysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Light scattering</topic><topic>Lipid bilayers</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>liposome</topic><topic>Liposomes</topic><topic>Liposomes - metabolism</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Mammals - metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Myocardial infarction</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - metabolism</topic><topic>Myocardium</topic><topic>Myocardium - metabolism</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Phosphocholine</topic><topic>Phospholipids</topic><topic>Phospholipids - metabolism</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Pulmonary fibrosis</topic><topic>RAW 264.7 macrophages</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Tissue Distribution</topic><topic>Transforming growth factor-b1</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sonkawade, Swati D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Shirley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Minhyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nepali, Sarmila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karambizi, Victoire-Grace</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sexton, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turowski, Steven G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Kunpeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spernyak, Joseph A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovell, Jonathan F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>George, Anthony</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suwal, Sujit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Umesh C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pokharel, Saraswati</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Cells (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sonkawade, Swati D</au><au>Xu, Shirley</au><au>Kim, Minhyung</au><au>Nepali, Sarmila</au><au>Karambizi, Victoire-Grace</au><au>Sexton, Sandra</au><au>Turowski, Steven G</au><au>Li, Kunpeng</au><au>Spernyak, Joseph A</au><au>Lovell, Jonathan F</au><au>George, Anthony</au><au>Suwal, Sujit</au><au>Sharma, Umesh C</au><au>Pokharel, Saraswati</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phospholipid Encapsulation of an Anti-Fibrotic Endopeptide to Enhance Cellular Uptake and Myocardial Retention</atitle><jtitle>Cells (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Cells</addtitle><date>2023-06-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1589</spage><pages>1589-</pages><issn>2073-4409</issn><eissn>2073-4409</eissn><abstract>Cardioprotective effects of
-acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (Ac-SDKP) have been reported in preclinical models of myocardial remodeling. However, the rapid degradation of this endogenous peptide in vivo limits its clinical use.
To prolong its bioavailability, Ac-SDKP was encapsulated by phosphocholine lipid bilayers (liposomes) similar to mammalian cell membranes. The physical properties of the liposome structures were assessed by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of Ac-SDKP by RAW 264.7 macrophages and human and murine primary cardiac fibroblasts was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Spectrum computerized tomography and competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to measure the ex vivo cardiac biodistribution of Ac-SDKP. The biological effects of this novel synthetic compound were examined in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts and in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation.
A liposome formulation resulted in the greater uptake of Ac-SDKP than the naked peptide by cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP decreased fibroinflammatory genes in cultured cardiac fibroblasts co-treated with TGF-β1 and macrophages stimulated with LPS. Serial tissue and serum immunoassays showed the high bioavailability of Ac-SDKP in mouse myocardium and in circulation. Liposome-delivered Ac-SDKP improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibroinflammatory responses in mice with acute myocardial infarction.
Encapsulation of Ac-SDKP in a cell membrane-like phospholipid bilayer enhances its plasma and tissue bioavailability and offers cardioprotection against ischemic myocardial injury. Future clinical trials can use this novel approach to test small protective endogenous peptides in myocardial remodeling.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37371059</pmid><doi>10.3390/cells12121589</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-4737</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9052-884X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-2523</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal models Animals Bioavailability Blood pressure C57BL/6j cardiac fibroblasts Cardiac function Care and treatment Cell membranes Cholesterol Chromatography Clinical trials Collagen - metabolism Computed tomography Coronary artery Efficiency Encapsulation Enzymes Fibroblasts Fibrosis Flow cytometry Fluorescence microscopy Heart Heart failure Hemodialysis Humans Inflammation Ischemia Light scattering Lipid bilayers Lipids liposome Liposomes Liposomes - metabolism Macrophages Mammals - metabolism Mice Microscopy Myocardial infarction Myocardial Infarction - metabolism Myocardium Myocardium - metabolism Peptides Phosphocholine Phospholipids Phospholipids - metabolism Physiological aspects Pulmonary fibrosis RAW 264.7 macrophages Scanning electron microscopy Tissue Distribution Transforming growth factor-b1 |
title | Phospholipid Encapsulation of an Anti-Fibrotic Endopeptide to Enhance Cellular Uptake and Myocardial Retention |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T03%3A25%3A10IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phospholipid%20Encapsulation%20of%20an%20Anti-Fibrotic%20Endopeptide%20to%20Enhance%20Cellular%20Uptake%20and%20Myocardial%20Retention&rft.jtitle=Cells%20(Basel,%20Switzerland)&rft.au=Sonkawade,%20Swati%20D&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1589&rft.pages=1589-&rft.issn=2073-4409&rft.eissn=2073-4409&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/cells12121589&rft_dat=%3Cgale_doaj_%3EA754976037%3C/gale_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-c0870588f990a063114cdcdc3f183f36b514fe9e0b3f84b6a48429eaff4c053a3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2829792362&rft_id=info:pmid/37371059&rft_galeid=A754976037&rfr_iscdi=true |