Mapping each pre-existing condition’s association to short-term and long-term COVID-19 complications

Understanding the relationships between pre-existing conditions and complications of COVID-19 infection is critical to identifying which patients will develop severe disease. Here, we leverage ~1.1 million clinical notes from 1803 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and deep neural network models to char...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NPJ digital medicine 2021-07, Vol.4 (1), p.117-117, Article 117
Main Authors: Venkatakrishnan, A. J., Pawlowski, Colin, Zemmour, David, Hughes, Travis, Anand, Akash, Berner, Gabriela, Kayal, Nikhil, Puranik, Arjun, Conrad, Ian, Bade, Sairam, Barve, Rakesh, Sinha, Purushottam, O‘Horo, John C., Badley, Andrew D., Halamka, John, Soundararajan, Venky
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Biomedicine
Biotechnology
Cardiac arrhythmia
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Digital technology
Hypertension
Infections
Medical technology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pleural effusion
Pre-existing conditions
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Summary:Understanding the relationships between pre-existing conditions and complications of COVID-19 infection is critical to identifying which patients will develop severe disease. Here, we leverage ~1.1 million clinical notes from 1803 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and deep neural network models to characterize associations between 21 pre-existing conditions and the development of 20 complications (e.g. respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and hematologic) of COVID-19 infection throughout the course of infection (i.e. 0–30 days, 31–60 days, and 61–90 days). Pleural effusion was the most frequent complication of early COVID-19 infection (89/1803 patients, 4.9%) followed by cardiac arrhythmia (45/1803 patients, 2.5%). Notably, hypertension was the most significant risk factor associated with 10 different complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac arrhythmia, and anemia. The onset of new complications after 30 days is rare and most commonly involves pleural effusion (31–60 days: 11 patients, 61–90 days: 9 patients). Lastly, comparing the rates of complications with a propensity-matched COVID-negative hospitalized population confirmed the importance of hypertension as a risk factor for early-onset complications. Overall, the associations between pre-COVID conditions and COVID-associated complications presented here may form the basis for the development of risk assessment scores to guide clinical care pathways.
ISSN:2398-6352
2398-6352
DOI:10.1038/s41746-021-00484-7