Newly synthesized chitosan nanoparticles loaded with caffeine/moringa leaf extracts Halt Her2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 expressions

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-08, Vol.14 (1), p.18118-15, Article 18118
• Main Authors: Mohammed, Hanaa, Karhib, Mustafa M., Al-Fahad, Karrar Sabah Jaafar, Atef, Atef Mohamed, Eskandrani, Areej, Darwish, Amira Abd-elfattah, Sary, Ahmed Abdallah, Elwakil, Bassma H., Bakr, Basant A., Eldrieny, Ahmed M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/67/1059; 631/67/1347; 639/925; Adipose tissue; Animals; Antineoplastic drugs; Apoptosis; Bioluminescence; BRCA1 protein; BRCA1 Protein - genetics; BRCA1 Protein - metabolism; BRCA2 protein; BRCA2 Protein - genetics; BRCA2 Protein - metabolism; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms - metabolism; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Caffeine; Caffeine - chemistry; Caffeine - pharmacology; Cancer; Chemical analysis; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; ErbB-2 protein; Female; Gas chromatography; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects; Her2; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Leaves; Light scattering; Mass spectroscopy; MCF-7; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Morbidity; Moringa oleifera; Moringa oleifera - chemistry; multidisciplinary; Nano carrier; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Natural anticancer agents; Plant extracts; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Receptor, ErbB-2 - genetics; Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); TOR protein; Tumors
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67599-1

Breast cancer is among the highest morbidity and mortality rates in women around the world. In the present investigation we aimed to synthesis novel nanosystem combining two naturally important anticancer agents with different mechanism of action namely Moringa oleifera and caffeine. Firstly, chemical analysis of Moringa oleifera extract and caffeine was done by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) in order to assess the main chemical compounds present and correlate between them and the possible anticancer effect. The novel nanosystem was characterized through dynamic light scattering techniques which revealed the stability and homogeneity of the prepared M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine loaded chitosan nanoparticles, while FTIR and transmission electron microscope (TEM) proved the shape and the successful incorporation of M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine onto the nanochitosan carrier. Our initial step was to assess the anticancer effect in vitro in cancer cell line MCF-7 which proved the significant enhanced effect of M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine nanosystem compared to M. oleifera leaves extract or caffeine loaded nanoparticles. Further studies were conducted in vivo namely tumor biomarkers, tumor volume, bioluminescence imaging, molecular and histopathological investigations. The present study proved the potent anticancer effect of the synthesized M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Mo/Caf/CsNPs exhibited a large number of apoptotic cells within the tumor mass while the adipose tissue regeneration was higher compared to the positive control. The prepared nanoparticles downregulated the expression of Her2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 while mTOR expression was upregulated. The aforementioned data demonstrated the successful synergistic impact of Moringa and caffeine in decreasing the carcinoma grade.