COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Mutual Effects and Pharmacotherapy

The potential relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 has been evaluated. However, new knowledge is rapidly emerging. In this study, we systematically reviewed the relationship between viral cell surface receptors (ACE2, AXL, CD147, DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and DPP4) and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and emp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) 2021-11, Vol.12, p.772865
Main Authors: Xie, Lingli, Zhang, Ziying, Wang, Qian, Chen, Yangwen, Lu, Dexue, Wu, Weihua
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2)
Aged
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - blood
Animals
Cardiovascular Diseases - complications
Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy
Comorbidity
COVID - 19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - drug therapy
Diabetes Complications - drug therapy
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - drug therapy
Endocrinology
Female
Humans
Hyperglycemia - metabolism
Hypertension
Inflammation
Insulin Resistance
Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity - complications
Obesity - drug therapy
receptor
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy
Risk
Risk Factors
SARS- CoV-2
therapeutic management
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Summary:The potential relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 has been evaluated. However, new knowledge is rapidly emerging. In this study, we systematically reviewed the relationship between viral cell surface receptors (ACE2, AXL, CD147, DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and DPP4) and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and emphasized the implications of ACE2 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Besides, we updated on the two-way interactions between diabetes and COVID-19, as well as the treatment options for COVID-19 comorbid patients from the perspective of ACE2. The efficacies of various clinical chemotherapeutic options, including anti-diabetic drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, lipid-lowering drugs, anticoagulants, and glucocorticoids for COVID-19 positive diabetic patients were discussed. Moreover, we reviewed the significance of two different forms of ACE2 (mACE2 and sACE2) and gender on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. This review summarizes COVID-19 pathophysiology and the best strategies for clinical management of diabetes patients with COVID-19.
ISSN:1664-2392
1664-2392
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.772865