Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from Lymantria dispar and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a polyphagous forest pest worldwide. The baculovirus, Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is a natural pathogen of L. dispar. The Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity in animals. However,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-09, Vol.12 (9), p.827
Main Authors: Liu, Long, Wei, Yu-Shan, Wang, Dun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Amino acids
Baculovirus
baculovirus infection
Butterflies & moths
Dengue fever
Evolutionary genetics
expression regulation
Genes
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Infections
Innate immunity
Insects
Interleukin 1
Interleukins
Invertebrates
Kinases
Lymantria dispar
Nontarget organisms
Pathogens
Pest control
Pests
Phylogeny
Protein structure
Proteins
Receptors
Signal transduction
Structural analysis
Tertiary structure
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vertebrates
Viruses
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Summary:The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a polyphagous forest pest worldwide. The baculovirus, Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is a natural pathogen of L. dispar. The Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity in animals. However, The TLR pathway and its underlying immune mechanism against baculovirus in L. dispar have not been explored. In this study, eleven TLRs and five downstream TLR pathway components were identified and characterized from L. dispar. Structural analysis indicated that intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of LdTLRs and LdMyD88 contained three conserved motifs, and the 3D structures of TIR domains of LdTLRs possessed similar patterns in components arrangement and spatial conformation. The TLR proteins of L. dispar were placed into five monophyletic groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. LdTLR1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and all identified downstream TLR pathway factors were highly induced upon LdMNPV infection, indicating that the TLR pathway of L. dispar was activated and might play a role in the immune response to LdMNPV infection. Collectively, these results help elucidate the crucial role of the TLR pathway in the immune response of L. dispar against LdMNPV, and offer a foundation for further understanding of innate immunity of the pest.
ISSN:2075-4450
2075-4450
DOI:10.3390/insects12090827