A systematic review of in-patient psychiatric care for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism: effectiveness, patient safety and experience

• Published in: BJPsych open 2022-11, Vol.8 (6), p.e187-e187, Article e187
• Main Authors: Melvin, Clare L., Barnoux, Magali, Alexander, Regi, Roy, Ashok, Devapriam, John, Blair, Robert, Tromans, Samuel, Shepstone, Lee, Langdon, Peter E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Autism; autism spectrum disorders; Behavior modification; Clinical outcomes; Developmental disabilities; hospital; Intellectual disabilities; Intellectual Disability; Length of stay; Mental disorders; Mental health; neurodevelopmental disorders; Patient safety; psychiatric in-patient treatment; Qualitative research; Review; Systematic review; Teenagers
• ISSN: 2056-4724; 2056-4724
• DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.571

BackgroundAn increasing number of children, adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism are being admitted to general psychiatric wards and cared for by general psychiatrists.AimsThe aim of this systematic review was to consider the likely effectiveness of in-patient treatment for this population, and compare and contrast differing models of in-patient care.MethodA systematic search was completed to identify papers where authors had reported data about the effectiveness of in-patient admissions with reference to one of three domains: treatment effect (e.g. length of stay, clinical outcome, readmission), patient safety (e.g. restrictive practices) and patient experience (e.g. patient or family satisfaction). Where possible, outcomes associated with admission were considered further within the context of differing models of in-patient care (e.g. specialist in-patient services versus general mental health in-patient services).ResultsA total of 106 studies were included and there was evidence that improvements in mental health, social functioning, behaviour and forensic risk were associated with in-patient admission. There were two main models of in-patient psychiatric care described within the literature: admission to a specialist intellectual disability or general mental health in-patient service. Patients admitted to specialist intellectual disability in-patient services had greater complexity, but there were additional benefits, including fewer out-of-area discharges and lower seclusion rates.ConclusionsThere was evidence that admission to in-patient services was associated with improvements in mental health for this population. There was some evidence indicating better outcomes for those admitted to specialist services.