Impact of effluent discharge from a medium-scale fish farm on the water quality of Odo-Owa stream near Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria

• Published in: Applied water science 2020-02, Vol.10 (2), p.1-13, Article 68
• Main Authors: Famoofo, Oluwaseyi O., Adeniyi, Israel F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkalinity; Ammonia; Analytical methods; Aquaculture; Aquatic Pollution; Body temperature; Calcium; Calcium ions; Color; Colour; Comparative Law; Copper; Discharge; Dry season; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Effluent; Effluents; Ferrous ions; Fish; Fish culture; Fish farm; Fish farms; Groundwater; Heavy metals; Hydrogeology; Industrial and Production Engineering; International & Foreign Law; Iron; Magnesium; Mathematical analysis; Mercury (metal); Metal concentrations; Metals; Nanotechnology; Nitrogen dioxide; Organic chemistry; Original Article; Parameters; pH effects; Physical properties; Physicochemical parameters; Private International Law; Rainy season; Receiving stream; Receiving waters; Rivers; Sampling; Seasonal variation; Seasonal variations; Seasons; Sodium; Stations; Transparency (optical); Turbidity; Waste Water Technology; Wastewater discharges; Water analysis; Water bodies; Water hardness; Water Industry/Water Technologies; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water quality; Water quality index; Water sampling; Water temperature; Wet season; Zinc
• ISSN: 2190-5487; 2190-5495
• DOI: 10.1007/s13201-020-1148-9

This study aimed to assess the impact of effluent discharge from a medium-scale aquaculture fish farm on the water quality of a nearby receiving stream, Odo-Owa stream, near Ijebu-Ode (06° 49′ N, 003° 56′ E) in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. Some physicochemical water quality parameters of the effluent receiving stream were determined at seven selected sites, above and below the effluent discharge point into the stream to assess the effluent impact on the water body. The seven sampling stations comprised three stations (A–C) located upstream of the effluent discharge point (Station D), two stations (E and F) located downstream of Station D, while the seventh station (Station G) was a close-by reference groundwater source. The water quality parameters investigated include five physical parameters (water temperature, apparent color, true color, turbidity and transparency), seven general chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and DO), seven major ions (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− and HCO 3 ˉ), three nutrient compounds (PO 4 3− , NO 3 − and NO 2 − ) and five heavy metals (Hg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ). Water samples were collected from each sampling station twice per season: dry season (December 2013 and February 2014) and rainy season (April and July 2014), and analyzed in the laboratory using standard analytical methods. The result showed a significant difference ( P