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Measurement report: Vertical distribution of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban boundary layer in southern China – size-segregated chemical composition and secondary formation through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions
Many studies have recently been done on understanding the sources and formation mechanisms of atmospheric aerosols at ground level. However, vertical profiles and sources of size-resolved particulate matter within the urban boundary layer are still lacking. In this study, vertical distribution chara...
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Published in: | Atmospheric chemistry and physics 2020-06, Vol.20 (11), p.6435-6453 |
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creator | Zhou, Shengzhen Wu, Luolin Guo, Junchen Chen, Weihua Wang, Xuemei Zhao, Jun Cheng, Yafang Huang, Zuzhao Zhang, Jinpu Sun, Yele Fu, Pingqing Jia, Shiguo Tao, Jun Chen, Yanning Kuang, Junxia |
description | Many studies have recently been done on understanding the sources
and formation mechanisms of atmospheric aerosols at ground level. However,
vertical profiles and sources of size-resolved particulate matter within the
urban boundary layer are still lacking. In this study, vertical distribution
characteristics of size-segregated particles were investigated at three
observation platforms (ground level, 118 m, and 488 m) on the 610 m high
Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China. Size-segregated aerosol samples were
simultaneously collected at the three levels in autumn and winter. Major
aerosol components, including water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and
elemental carbon, were measured. The results showed that daily average
fine-particle concentrations generally decreased with height.
Concentrations of sulfate and ammonium in fine particles displayed shallow
vertical gradients, and nitrate concentrations increased with height in
autumn, while the chemical components showed greater variations in winter
than in autumn. The size distributions of sulfate and ammonium in both
seasons were characterized by a dominant unimodal mode with peaks in the size
range of 0.44–1.0 µm. In autumn, the nitrate size distribution was
bimodal, peaking at 0.44–1.0 and 2.5–10 µm, while in winter
it was unimodal, implying that the formation mechanisms for nitrate
particles were different in the two seasons. Our results suggest that the
majority of the sulfate and nitrate is formed from aqueous-phase reactions,
and we attribute coarse-mode nitrate formation at the measurement site to
the heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitric acid on existing sea-derived
coarse particles in autumn. Case studies further showed that atmospheric
aqueous-phase and heterogeneous reactions could be important mechanisms for
sulfate and nitrate formation, which, in combination with adverse weather
conditions such as temperature inversion and calm wind, led to haze
formation during autumn and winter in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. |
doi_str_mv | 10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020 |
format | article |
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and formation mechanisms of atmospheric aerosols at ground level. However,
vertical profiles and sources of size-resolved particulate matter within the
urban boundary layer are still lacking. In this study, vertical distribution
characteristics of size-segregated particles were investigated at three
observation platforms (ground level, 118 m, and 488 m) on the 610 m high
Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China. Size-segregated aerosol samples were
simultaneously collected at the three levels in autumn and winter. Major
aerosol components, including water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and
elemental carbon, were measured. The results showed that daily average
fine-particle concentrations generally decreased with height.
Concentrations of sulfate and ammonium in fine particles displayed shallow
vertical gradients, and nitrate concentrations increased with height in
autumn, while the chemical components showed greater variations in winter
than in autumn. The size distributions of sulfate and ammonium in both
seasons were characterized by a dominant unimodal mode with peaks in the size
range of 0.44–1.0 µm. In autumn, the nitrate size distribution was
bimodal, peaking at 0.44–1.0 and 2.5–10 µm, while in winter
it was unimodal, implying that the formation mechanisms for nitrate
particles were different in the two seasons. Our results suggest that the
majority of the sulfate and nitrate is formed from aqueous-phase reactions,
and we attribute coarse-mode nitrate formation at the measurement site to
the heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitric acid on existing sea-derived
coarse particles in autumn. Case studies further showed that atmospheric
aqueous-phase and heterogeneous reactions could be important mechanisms for
sulfate and nitrate formation, which, in combination with adverse weather
conditions such as temperature inversion and calm wind, led to haze
formation during autumn and winter in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1680-7324</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1680-7316</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1680-7324</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Katlenburg-Lindau: Copernicus GmbH</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Air pollution ; Ammonium ; Ammonium compounds ; Atmospheric aerosols ; Atmospheric boundary layer ; Atmospheric particulate matter ; Atmospheric particulates ; Atmospheric physics ; Autumn ; Boundary layers ; Carbon ; Case studies ; Chemical composition ; Chemical reactions ; Chemistry ; Cloud formation ; Clouds (Meteorology) ; Components ; Emissions ; Glucocorticoids ; Ground level ; Haze ; Height ; Humidity ; Measurement ; Nitrate particles ; Nitrates ; Nitric acid ; Nitric acids ; Organic carbon ; Outdoor air quality ; Particle size distribution ; Particulate matter ; Particulate matter sources ; Pollutants ; Profiles ; Rivers ; Size distribution ; Sulfates ; Suspended particulate matter ; Temperature inversion ; Temperature inversions ; Urban areas ; Vertical distribution ; Vertical profiles ; Weather ; Weather conditions ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 2020-06, Vol.20 (11), p.6435-6453</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Copernicus GmbH</rights><rights>2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-233753f09ff1eab0081e903655935399f7851bd45c32ea437fcc540be29c3d9c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-233753f09ff1eab0081e903655935399f7851bd45c32ea437fcc540be29c3d9c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4912-9879 ; 0000-0001-9954-9471 ; 0000-0002-0936-4869 ; 0000-0003-2354-0221 ; 0000-0001-6249-2280</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2414703718/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2414703718?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,2102,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shengzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Luolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xuemei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Yafang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zuzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jinpu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Pingqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Shiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yanning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Junxia</creatorcontrib><title>Measurement report: Vertical distribution of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban boundary layer in southern China – size-segregated chemical composition and secondary formation through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions</title><title>Atmospheric chemistry and physics</title><description>Many studies have recently been done on understanding the sources
and formation mechanisms of atmospheric aerosols at ground level. However,
vertical profiles and sources of size-resolved particulate matter within the
urban boundary layer are still lacking. In this study, vertical distribution
characteristics of size-segregated particles were investigated at three
observation platforms (ground level, 118 m, and 488 m) on the 610 m high
Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China. Size-segregated aerosol samples were
simultaneously collected at the three levels in autumn and winter. Major
aerosol components, including water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and
elemental carbon, were measured. The results showed that daily average
fine-particle concentrations generally decreased with height.
Concentrations of sulfate and ammonium in fine particles displayed shallow
vertical gradients, and nitrate concentrations increased with height in
autumn, while the chemical components showed greater variations in winter
than in autumn. The size distributions of sulfate and ammonium in both
seasons were characterized by a dominant unimodal mode with peaks in the size
range of 0.44–1.0 µm. In autumn, the nitrate size distribution was
bimodal, peaking at 0.44–1.0 and 2.5–10 µm, while in winter
it was unimodal, implying that the formation mechanisms for nitrate
particles were different in the two seasons. Our results suggest that the
majority of the sulfate and nitrate is formed from aqueous-phase reactions,
and we attribute coarse-mode nitrate formation at the measurement site to
the heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitric acid on existing sea-derived
coarse particles in autumn. Case studies further showed that atmospheric
aqueous-phase and heterogeneous reactions could be important mechanisms for
sulfate and nitrate formation, which, in combination with adverse weather
conditions such as temperature inversion and calm wind, led to haze
formation during autumn and winter in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Ammonium compounds</subject><subject>Atmospheric aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer</subject><subject>Atmospheric particulate matter</subject><subject>Atmospheric particulates</subject><subject>Atmospheric physics</subject><subject>Autumn</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Cloud formation</subject><subject>Clouds (Meteorology)</subject><subject>Components</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Glucocorticoids</subject><subject>Ground level</subject><subject>Haze</subject><subject>Height</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Nitrate particles</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitric acid</subject><subject>Nitric acids</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate matter sources</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Profiles</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Size distribution</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Temperature inversion</subject><subject>Temperature inversions</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Vertical distribution</subject><subject>Vertical profiles</subject><subject>Weather</subject><subject>Weather 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report: Vertical distribution of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban boundary layer in southern China – size-segregated chemical composition and secondary formation through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions</title><author>Zhou, Shengzhen ; Wu, Luolin ; Guo, Junchen ; Chen, Weihua ; Wang, Xuemei ; Zhao, Jun ; Cheng, Yafang ; Huang, Zuzhao ; Zhang, Jinpu ; Sun, Yele ; Fu, Pingqing ; Jia, Shiguo ; Tao, Jun ; Chen, Yanning ; Kuang, Junxia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-233753f09ff1eab0081e903655935399f7851bd45c32ea437fcc540be29c3d9c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Ammonium</topic><topic>Ammonium compounds</topic><topic>Atmospheric aerosols</topic><topic>Atmospheric boundary layer</topic><topic>Atmospheric particulate matter</topic><topic>Atmospheric 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inversion</topic><topic>Temperature inversions</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Vertical distribution</topic><topic>Vertical profiles</topic><topic>Weather</topic><topic>Weather conditions</topic><topic>Winter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shengzhen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Luolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Weihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xuemei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Yafang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zuzhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jinpu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Pingqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Shiguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yanning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, 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Junxia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measurement report: Vertical distribution of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban boundary layer in southern China – size-segregated chemical composition and secondary formation through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric chemistry and physics</jtitle><date>2020-06-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>6435</spage><epage>6453</epage><pages>6435-6453</pages><issn>1680-7324</issn><issn>1680-7316</issn><eissn>1680-7324</eissn><abstract>Many studies have recently been done on understanding the sources
and formation mechanisms of atmospheric aerosols at ground level. However,
vertical profiles and sources of size-resolved particulate matter within the
urban boundary layer are still lacking. In this study, vertical distribution
characteristics of size-segregated particles were investigated at three
observation platforms (ground level, 118 m, and 488 m) on the 610 m high
Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China. Size-segregated aerosol samples were
simultaneously collected at the three levels in autumn and winter. Major
aerosol components, including water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and
elemental carbon, were measured. The results showed that daily average
fine-particle concentrations generally decreased with height.
Concentrations of sulfate and ammonium in fine particles displayed shallow
vertical gradients, and nitrate concentrations increased with height in
autumn, while the chemical components showed greater variations in winter
than in autumn. The size distributions of sulfate and ammonium in both
seasons were characterized by a dominant unimodal mode with peaks in the size
range of 0.44–1.0 µm. In autumn, the nitrate size distribution was
bimodal, peaking at 0.44–1.0 and 2.5–10 µm, while in winter
it was unimodal, implying that the formation mechanisms for nitrate
particles were different in the two seasons. Our results suggest that the
majority of the sulfate and nitrate is formed from aqueous-phase reactions,
and we attribute coarse-mode nitrate formation at the measurement site to
the heterogeneous reactions of gaseous nitric acid on existing sea-derived
coarse particles in autumn. Case studies further showed that atmospheric
aqueous-phase and heterogeneous reactions could be important mechanisms for
sulfate and nitrate formation, which, in combination with adverse weather
conditions such as temperature inversion and calm wind, led to haze
formation during autumn and winter in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.</abstract><cop>Katlenburg-Lindau</cop><pub>Copernicus GmbH</pub><doi>10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-9879</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-9471</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-4869</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0221</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-2280</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5e67c4f440c2443a9b035df2ae03ed0a |
source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; ProQuest Publicly Available Content database |
subjects | Aerosols Air pollution Ammonium Ammonium compounds Atmospheric aerosols Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric particulate matter Atmospheric particulates Atmospheric physics Autumn Boundary layers Carbon Case studies Chemical composition Chemical reactions Chemistry Cloud formation Clouds (Meteorology) Components Emissions Glucocorticoids Ground level Haze Height Humidity Measurement Nitrate particles Nitrates Nitric acid Nitric acids Organic carbon Outdoor air quality Particle size distribution Particulate matter Particulate matter sources Pollutants Profiles Rivers Size distribution Sulfates Suspended particulate matter Temperature inversion Temperature inversions Urban areas Vertical distribution Vertical profiles Weather Weather conditions Winter |
title | Measurement report: Vertical distribution of atmospheric particulate matter within the urban boundary layer in southern China – size-segregated chemical composition and secondary formation through cloud processing and heterogeneous reactions |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T20%3A21%3A26IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Measurement%20report:%20Vertical%20distribution%20of%20atmospheric%20particulate%20matter%20within%20the%20urban%20boundary%20layer%20in%20southern%20China%20%E2%80%93%20size-segregated%20chemical%20composition%20and%20secondary%20formation%20through%20cloud%20processing%20and%20heterogeneous%20reactions&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric%20chemistry%20and%20physics&rft.au=Zhou,%20Shengzhen&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6435&rft.epage=6453&rft.pages=6435-6453&rft.issn=1680-7324&rft.eissn=1680-7324&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194/acp-20-6435-2020&rft_dat=%3Cgale_doaj_%3EA625751546%3C/gale_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-233753f09ff1eab0081e903655935399f7851bd45c32ea437fcc540be29c3d9c3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2414703718&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A625751546&rfr_iscdi=true |