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Epigenetic Regulation of Airway Epithelium Immune Functions in Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by recurrent breathing problems resulting from airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Human airway epithelium plays an important role in the initiation and control of the immune responses to different types of envir...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2020-08, Vol.11, p.1747
Main Authors: Alashkar Alhamwe, Bilal, Miethe, Sarah, Pogge von Strandmann, Elke, Potaczek, Daniel P, Garn, Holger
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description Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by recurrent breathing problems resulting from airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Human airway epithelium plays an important role in the initiation and control of the immune responses to different types of environmental factors contributing to asthma pathogenesis. Using pattern recognition receptors airway epithelium senses external stimuli, such as allergens, microbes, or pollutants, and subsequently secretes endogenous danger signaling molecules alarming and activating dendritic cells. Hence, airway epithelial cells not only mediate innate immune responses but also bridge them with adaptive immune responses involving T and B cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The effects of environmental factors on the development of asthma are mediated, at least in part, by epigenetic mechanisms. Those comprise classical epigenetics including DNA methylation and histone modifications affecting transcription, as well as microRNAs influencing translation. The common feature of such mechanisms is that they regulate gene expression without affecting the nucleotide sequence of the genomic DNA. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the regulation of different cell populations involved in asthma pathogenesis, with the remarkable example of T cells. Recently, however, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms are also crucial for the regulation of airway epithelial cells, especially in the context of epigenetic transfer of environmental effects contributing to asthma pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the accumulating evidence for this very important aspect of airway epithelial cell pathobiology.
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subjects Acetylation
airway
allergy
Animals
asthma
Asthma - genetics
Asthma - immunology
Asthma - metabolism
Asthma - physiopathology
Bronchial Hyperreactivity - genetics
Bronchial Hyperreactivity - immunology
Bronchial Hyperreactivity - physiopathology
Bronchoconstriction
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
epigenetic
Epithelial Cells - immunology
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
epithelium
histone
Histones - metabolism
Humans
Immunology
Lung - immunology
Lung - metabolism
Lung - physiopathology
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Signal Transduction
title Epigenetic Regulation of Airway Epithelium Immune Functions in Asthma
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