Uncommon Clinical Presentations of Sporotrichosis: A Two-Case Report

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous endemic mycosis caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. The most common clinical form of the disease is lymphocutaneous, while the fixed cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous forms are rare. Moreover, it is more prevalent in immunocompetent individuals....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.10 (10), p.1249
Main Authors: Martínez-Herrera, Erick, Arenas, Roberto, Hernández-Castro, Rigoberto, Frías-De-León, María Guadalupe, Rodríguez-Cerdeira, Carmen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial infections
Biopsy
Calcium-binding protein
Calmodulin
Case Report
Case reports
clinical manifestations
Diagnosis
Endemic species
Fungal infections
Fungi
Granulomas
Immunocompetence
Iodides
Morphology
Mycosis
Pathogens
pathogen–host interaction
Patients
PCR
Potassium
Potassium iodide
Potassium iodides
Skin
Sporothrix schenckii
Sporotrichosis
Tuberculosis
Virulence
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Summary:Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous endemic mycosis caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. The most common clinical form of the disease is lymphocutaneous, while the fixed cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous forms are rare. Moreover, it is more prevalent in immunocompetent individuals. In this study, we present two cases of sporotrichosis with uncommon clinical forms: fixed cutaneous (Case 1) and disseminated cutaneous (Case 2). Both cases were diagnosed in immunocompetent males from endemic regions in Mexico, who had at least 1 year of evolution without improvement in response to prior nonspecific treatments. The diagnosis of sporotrichosis caused by S. schenckii sensu stricto was established through the isolation of the pathogen and its identification through the amplification of a 331 bp fragment of the gene encoding calmodulin. In both cases, improvement was observed after treatment with potassium iodide. Cases 1 and 2 illustrate the rarity of these clinical forms in individuals residing in endemic areas; hence, it is important to ensure a high index of clinical suspicion for the diagnosis of mycosis, as the differential diagnoses vary widely.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens10101249