Towards the Forest Virome: High-Throughput Sequencing Drastically Expands Our Understanding on Virosphere in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Thanks to the development of HTS technologies, a vast amount of genetic information on the virosphere of temperate forests has been gained in the last seven years. To estimate the qualitative/quantitative impact of HTS on forest virology, we have summarized viruses affecting major tree/shrub species...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2021-08, Vol.9 (8), p.1730
Main Authors: Rumbou, Artemis, Vainio, Eeva J., Büttner, Carmen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological control
Ecosystems
Endophytes
Epidemics
Forest ecosystems
forest virome
Forests
Fungi
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
high-throughput sequencing
Infectious diseases
Land area
Microbiota
Microorganisms
mycoviruses
Next-generation sequencing
Pathogens
Pest outbreaks
Plant diseases
plant pathogenic viruses
Plant protection
Review
RNA polymerase
Temperate forests
Terrestrial ecosystems
Trees
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Thanks to the development of HTS technologies, a vast amount of genetic information on the virosphere of temperate forests has been gained in the last seven years. To estimate the qualitative/quantitative impact of HTS on forest virology, we have summarized viruses affecting major tree/shrub species and their fungal associates, including fungal plant pathogens, mutualists and saprotrophs. The contribution of HTS methods is extremely significant for forest virology. Reviewed data on viral presence in holobionts allowed us a first attempt to address the role of virome in holobionts. Forest health is dependent on the variability of microorganisms interacting with the host tree/holobiont; symbiotic microbiota and pathogens engage in a permanent interplay, which influences the host. Through virus–virus interplays synergistic or antagonistic relations may evolve, which may drastically affect the health of the holobiont. Novel insights of these interplays may allow practical applications for forest plant protection based on endophytes and mycovirus biocontrol agents. The current analysis is conceived in light of the prospect that novel viruses may initiate an emergent infectious disease and that measures for the avoidance of future outbreaks in forests should be considered.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms9081730