Bacterial immunostat: Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids and their role in the host immune response

The lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a dynamic structure that is involved in the regulation of the transport of nutrients, toxic host-cell effector molecules, and anti-tuberculosis drugs. It is therefore postulated to contribute to the long-term bacterial survival in an infected...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2017-01, Vol.50 (1), p.9-18
Main Authors: Queiroz, Adriano, Riley, Lee W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Bioaccumulation
Cell Wall - metabolism
Cell Wall - physiology
Cell walls
Cells
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Lipid Metabolism
Lipids
Lipids - physiology
Membrane Lipids - physiology
Membrane Transport Proteins
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - metabolism
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - physiology
Nutrients
Transport
Trehalose
TROPICAL MEDICINE
Tuberculosis
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Summary:The lipid-rich cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a dynamic structure that is involved in the regulation of the transport of nutrients, toxic host-cell effector molecules, and anti-tuberculosis drugs. It is therefore postulated to contribute to the long-term bacterial survival in an infected human host. Accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis remodels the lipid composition of the cell wall as an adaptive mechanism against host-imposed stress. Some of these lipid species (trehalose dimycolate, diacylated sulphoglycolipid, and mannan-based lipoglycans) trigger an immunopathologic response, whereas others (phthiocerol dimycocerosate, mycolic acids, sulpholipid-1, and di-and polyacyltrehalose) appear to dampen the immune responses. These lipids appear to be coordinately expressed in the cell wall of M. tuberculosis during different phases of infection, ultimately determining the clinical fate of the infection. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the metabolism, transport, and homeostatic or immunostatic regulation of the cell wall lipids, and their orchestrated interaction with host immune responses that results in bacterial clearance, persistence, or tuberculosis.
ISSN:0037-8682
1678-9849
1678-9849
DOI:10.1590/0037-8682-0230-2016