Plantar Load System Analysis Using FSR Sensors and Interpolation Methods

• Published in: Metrology 2024-12, Vol.4 (4), p.566-577
• Main Authors: Trujillo-Hernández, Gabriel, Ortiz-Villaseñor, Dayanna, Rodríguez-Quiñonez, Julio C., Ramírez-Hernández, Luis Roberto, Murrieta-Rico, Fabian N., Mercado-Herrera, Abelardo, Raygoza-Limón, María E., Orduño-Osuna, Jesús Heriberto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: flexible sensors; interpolation methods; plantar load
• ISSN: 2673-8244; 2673-8244
• DOI: 10.3390/metrology4040035

The foot is considered a wonder of biological engineering due to its structure, formed by bones, ligaments, and tendons that collaborate to ensure stability and mobility. A key area often examined by medical professionals in patients with diabetic feet is the plantar surface, due to the risk of ulcer development. If left untreated, these ulcers can lead to severe complications, including amputation of the toe, foot, or even the limb. Interpolation methods are used to find areas with overloads in a system of sensor maps that are based on capacitive, load cells, or force-sensitive resistors (FSRs). This manuscript presents the assessment of linear, nearest neighbors, and bicubic methods in comparison with ground truth to calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) in two assessments using a dataset of eight healthy subjects, four men and four women, with an average age of 25 years, height of 1.63 m, and weight of 72 kg with shoe sizes from 7.3 USA using FSR map with 48 sensors. Additionally, this paper describes the conditioning circuit development to implement a plantar surface system that enables interpolating loads on the plantar surface. The proposed system’s results show that the first assessment indicates an RMSE of 0.089, 0.126, and 0.089 for linear, nearest neighbor, and bicubic methods, while the second assessment shows a mean RMSE for linear, nearest neighbor, and bicubic methods of 0.114, 0.159, and 0.112.