A Comprehensive Review of the Nutritional Composition and Toxicological Profile of Date Seed Coffee (Phoenix dactylifera)

Approximately 8 million tons of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are produced globally each year. The seeds of the fruit, which make up 10–15% of its weight, are typically discarded. Date seed coffee is a sustainable food system innovation rooted in the traditions of high date-producing regions. Dating b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2024-03, Vol.14 (6), p.2346
Main Authors: Kiesler, Raphaela, Franke, Heike, Lachenmeier, Dirk W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Beverages
Carbohydrates
Coffee
coffee by-products
date by-products
date seed coffee
Evolution
Food safety
Fruits
Nutrition
Phoenix dactylifera
Plants
Proteins
Risk assessment
Seeds
toxicity
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Summary:Approximately 8 million tons of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are produced globally each year. The seeds of the fruit, which make up 10–15% of its weight, are typically discarded. Date seed coffee is a sustainable food system innovation rooted in the traditions of high date-producing regions. Dating back to the late 19th century, date seed coffee has evolved from a historical coffee substitute to a modern caffeine-free alternative. Date seed coffee has a long history of consumption in the European Union (EU). This indicates that it may not require novel food authorization. The composition of date seeds is evaluated in this review and a toxicological risk assessment for date seed coffee is conducted. Subchronic studies show that consuming date seed or date seed coffee has no adverse effects. Therefore, currently unavailable chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity studies may be unnecessary. However, for a comprehensive evaluation, it is recommended to conduct an in vitro mutagenicity test. This review provides information on the safety of date seed coffee and highlights the need for further research.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app14062346