Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. Data was collected from a prospectively en...

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Published in:Pathogens & immunity 2023, Vol.8 (2), p.1-15
Main Authors: Zisis, Sokratis N, Durieux, Jared C, Mouchati, Christian, Funderburg, Nicholas, Ailstock, Kate, Chong, Mary, Labbato, Danielle, McComsey, Grace A
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Language:English
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Arterial stiffness
Cardiovascular disease
COVID
Endothelial function
Long COVID
PASC
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description COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC. Primary outcomes, endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemic index [RHI]), and arterial elasticity (measured by augmentation index standardized at 75 bpm [AI]), were measured using the FDA approved EndoPAT. Patient characteristics, labs, metabolic measures, markers of inflammation, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were collected at each study visit, and PASC symptoms were categorized into 3 non-exclusive phenotypes: cardiopulmonary, neurocognitive, and general. COVID-negative controls were propensity score matched to COVID-negative-infected cases using the greedy nearest neighbor method. There were 14.3% of participants who were fully recovered COVID positive and 28.5% who were COVID positive with PASC, averaging 8.64 ± 6.26 total number of symptoms. The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function ( =0.33). Age (
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The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function ( =0.33). Age ( &lt;0.0001), female sex ( &lt;0.0001), and CRP =0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI ( =0.002) and ox-LDL ( &lt;0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC. There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. 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The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function ( =0.33). Age ( &lt;0.0001), female sex ( &lt;0.0001), and CRP =0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI ( =0.002) and ox-LDL ( &lt;0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC. There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. 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subjects Arterial stiffness
Cardiovascular disease
COVID
Endothelial function
Long COVID
PASC
title Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2
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