Bone Mineral Density in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

• Published in: Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care 2024-04, Vol.6 (1), p.55-59
• Main Authors: Karishma, Mohsina Noor Ibrahim, Versha Rani Rai, Saima Batool Afridi, Maria Riaz, Taj Laghari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: bone mineral density (bmd); congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah); dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (dexa)
• ISSN: 2707-3521; 2708-9134
• DOI: 10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.5.43

Background: Treatment in all forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) includes lifelong replacement of steroids. Steroids have an impact on bone health in multiple ways and are known to cause osteoporosis when given in high doses or for a longer duration. Objective: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in children with CAH taking long-term steroids presenting in the pediatric endocrinology ward of National Institute of Child Health, (NICH) Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from October 2021 to July 2022. A total of 47 diagnosed cases of CAH taking steroids for more than 5 years were enrolled. Assessment of BMD was done using a DEXA scan. Lumbar spine BMD was done and Z-score was modified for height for age z-score. The dose of steroids and duration was calculated. Results: Out of 47 patients, low BMD was observed in 8 (17.02%) patients. Individuals with low BMD had significantly higher median duration, (p=0.017), dose (p=0.003), and median alkaline phosphate level (p=0.036),) but low median BMD value (p=0.009) and z score (p