GnRH Vaccine Could Suppress Serum Testosterone in Stallion Mules

Stallion mules have been used as working equids in several countries. Aggressiveness under the influence of testosterone results in the necessity for surgical castration before work training. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine may be an alternative method for immunocastration in mules...

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Published in:Animals (Basel) 2024-06, Vol.14 (12), p.1800
Main Authors: Khumsap, Siriporn, Tangtrongsup, Sahatchai, Towiboon, Patcharapa, Somgird, Chaleamchat
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
anti-GnRH antibody
Antibodies
Behavior
blood serum
Data collection
edema
Equidae
GnRH vaccine
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Horses
Immunization
immunocastration
Improvac
injection site
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Phenylbutazone
Pituitary hormones
secondary immunization
stallion mule
stallions
Testes
Testosterone
Vaccination
Vaccines
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container_issue 12
container_start_page 1800
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creator Khumsap, Siriporn
Tangtrongsup, Sahatchai
Towiboon, Patcharapa
Somgird, Chaleamchat
description Stallion mules have been used as working equids in several countries. Aggressiveness under the influence of testosterone results in the necessity for surgical castration before work training. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine may be an alternative method for immunocastration in mules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the GnRH vaccine on anti-GnRH antibody concentration, serum testosterone concentration, clinical adverse effects, and behavioral changes in response to receiving selected physical manipulations from humans. Twenty-five mules were separated into three groups: Control-intact, Control-castrated, and Treatment. The Treatment group was further divided according to condition (intact or unilateral cryptorchid) and age. The Treatment group received 195 µg of the GnRH vaccine intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, and 8. The anti-GnRH antibody concentrations increased at weeks 6 and 10, and then they gradually decreased to baseline at week 24. The Treatment-intact-young group had the highest concentration of anti-GnRH antibody. The serum testosterone concentrations in the Treatment group were lower than before vaccination from weeks 6 to 14. Subcutaneous edema adjacent to the injection site was detected in the Treatment-intact group after booster vaccination. In conclusion, the mules responded to the GnRH vaccine, which could temporarily suppress testosterone for up to 14 weeks.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ani14121800
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subjects Animals
anti-GnRH antibody
Antibodies
Behavior
blood serum
Data collection
edema
Equidae
GnRH vaccine
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Horses
Immunization
immunocastration
Improvac
injection site
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Phenylbutazone
Pituitary hormones
secondary immunization
stallion mule
stallions
Testes
Testosterone
Vaccination
Vaccines
title GnRH Vaccine Could Suppress Serum Testosterone in Stallion Mules
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