On the Evidence of Thermodynamic Self-Organization during Fatigue: A Review

• Published in: Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-03, Vol.22 (3), p.372
• Main Author: Naderi, Mehdi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acoustic fatigue; Carbon black; Crystal dislocations; Cyclic loads; Dislocation density; dislocations; Edge dislocations; Energy dissipation; Equilibrium; Evolution; fatigue; Fractals; Friction; Internal energy; Nanoparticles; non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Nonequilibrium thermodynamics; persistent slip bands; Phase transitions; Polymer melts; Review; self-organization; Single crystals; Thermodynamic equilibrium; Thermodynamics; Tires; Viscoelasticity
• ISSN: 1099-4300; 1099-4300
• DOI: 10.3390/e22030372

In this review paper, the evidence and application of thermodynamic self-organization are reviewed for metals typically with single crystals subjected to cyclic loading. The theory of self-organization in thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a cutting-edge theme for the development of a new generation of materials. It could be interpreted as the formation of globally coherent patterns, configurations and orderliness through local interactivities by “cascade evolution of dissipative structures”. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, entropy, and dissipative structures connected to self-organization phenomenon (patterning, orderliness) are briefly discussed. Some example evidences are reviewed in detail to show how thermodynamics self-organization can emerge from a non-equilibrium process; fatigue. Evidences including dislocation density evolution, stored energy, temperature, and acoustic signals can be considered as the signature of self-organization. Most of the attention is given to relate an analogy between persistent slip bands (PSBs) and self-organization in metals with single crystals. Some aspects of the stability of dislocations during fatigue of single crystals are discussed using the formulation of excess entropy generation.