Large-Scale, Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing of Palaeo-River Networks: A Case Study from Northwest India and its Implications for the Indus Civilisation

Remote sensing has considerable potential to contribute to the identification and reconstruction of lost hydrological systems and networks. Remote sensing-based reconstructions of palaeo-river networks have commonly employed single or limited time-span imagery, which limits their capacity to identif...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2017-07, Vol.9 (7), p.735
Main Authors: Orengo, Hector, Petrie, Cameron
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archaeology
Big Data
Cloud computing
Cultivation
Datasets
Detection
Environmental conditions
Geomorphology
Hydrology
Image reconstruction
Indus Civilisation
Land use
Landsat
Landsat satellites
Morphology
multi-temporal
Networks
palaeo-river
Remote sensing
River networks
Rivers
seasonal
vegetation
Visibility
Wind
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Summary:Remote sensing has considerable potential to contribute to the identification and reconstruction of lost hydrological systems and networks. Remote sensing-based reconstructions of palaeo-river networks have commonly employed single or limited time-span imagery, which limits their capacity to identify features in complex and varied landscape contexts. This paper presents a seasonal multi-temporal approach to the detection of palaeo-rivers over large areas based on long-term vegetation dynamics and spectral decomposition techniques. Twenty-eight years of Landsat 5 data, a total of 1711 multi-spectral images, have been bulk processed using Google Earth Engine© Code Editor and cloud computing infrastructure. The use of multi-temporal data has allowed us to overcome seasonal cultivation patterns and long-term visibility issues related to recent crop selection, extensive irrigation and land-use patterns. The application of this approach on the Sutlej-Yamuna interfluve (northwest India), a core area for the Bronze Age Indus Civilisation, has enabled the reconstruction of an unsuspectedly complex palaeo-river network comprising more than 8000 km of palaeo-channels. It has also enabled the definition of the morphology of these relict courses, which provides insights into the environmental conditions in which they operated. These new data will contribute to a better understanding of the settlement distribution and environmental settings in which this, often considered riverine, civilisation operated.
ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs9070735