Reviewing the Limitations of Adult Mammalian Cardiac Regeneration: Noncoding RNAs as Regulators of Cardiomyogenesis

The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regeneration following cardiac injury, leading to a decline in function and eventually heart failure. One of the most evident barriers limiting cardiac regeneration is the inability of cardiomyocytes to divide. It has recently become clear that the mammalian...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-02, Vol.10 (2), p.262
Main Authors: Verjans, Robin, van Bilsen, Marc, Schroen, Blanche
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
cardiac regeneration
cardiomyogenesis
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Proliferation - genetics
heart failure
Heart Failure - genetics
Humans
long noncoding rna
Mammals - genetics
Mammals - metabolism
microrna
MicroRNAs - genetics
Muscle Development - genetics
Myocardium - metabolism
Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism
Regeneration - genetics
Review
RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics
RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
RNA, Untranslated - metabolism
Signal Transduction - genetics
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Summary:The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regeneration following cardiac injury, leading to a decline in function and eventually heart failure. One of the most evident barriers limiting cardiac regeneration is the inability of cardiomyocytes to divide. It has recently become clear that the mammalian heart undergoes limited cardiomyocyte self-renewal throughout life and is even capable of modest regeneration early after birth. These exciting findings have awakened the goal to promote cardiomyogenesis of the human heart to repair cardiac injury or treat heart failure. We are still far from understanding why adult mammalian cardiomyocytes possess only a limited capacity to proliferate. Identifying the key regulators may help to progress towards such revolutionary therapy. Specific noncoding RNAs control cardiomyocyte division, including well explored microRNAs and more recently emerged long noncoding RNAs. Elucidating their function and molecular mechanisms during cardiomyogenesis is a prerequisite to advance towards therapeutic options for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we present an overview of the molecular basis of cardiac regeneration and describe current evidence implicating microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in this process. Current limitations and future opportunities regarding how these regulatory mechanisms can be harnessed to study myocardial regeneration will be addressed.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom10020262