ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales at the Human-Domestic Animal-Wildlife Interface: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

• Published in: Veterinary sciences 2024-05, Vol.11 (5), p.195
• Main Authors: da Silva, Sandy Kelly S M, Fuentes-Castillo, Danny A, Ewbank, Ana Carolina, Sacristán, Carlos, Catão-Dias, José L, Sevá, Anaiá P, Lincopan, Nilton, Deem, Sharon L, Feitosa, Lauro C S, Catenacci, Lilian S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics; antimicrobial; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Beta lactamases; Biodiversity; Bird migration; conservation medicine; Contamination; Domestic animals; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; E coli; Enterobacterales; Escherichia coli; extended spectrum beta-lactamase; Feces; Food contamination & poisoning; Medical policy; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; microorganisms; Migratory species; Multidrug resistance; Municipalities; Public health; Risk factors; Sulbactam; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Variables; wildlife; β Lactamase
• ISSN: 2306-7381; 2306-7381
• DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050195

The use, misuse, and overuse of antimicrobials is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. We investigated the risk factor of the presence of extended-spectrum, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in feces of non-domestic and domestic birds and other domestic animals in Piauí State, northeast Brazil. We collected a total of 387 cloacal and rectal swab samples of free-living birds, domestic birds, and domestic mammals in five municipalities: Amarante, Água Branca, Lagoa Alegre, Parnaíba, and Teresina. A total of 59/387 (15.2%) of these samples harbored extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Using the MALDI-TOF technique, we identified fifty-seven samples as and two samples as . Teresina and Parnaíba had the highest prevalence of animals with resistant bacteria (32.1% and 27.1%, respectively) and highest exposure risk factor (OR of 16.06 and 8.58, respectively, and < 0.001 for all). Multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were observed in 72.8% of the samples (43/59). For the free-living birds, the positive samples belonged to a great kiskadee ( ) and a semipalmated sandpiper ( ) in migratory and resident species, respectively. For domestic animals, the swine samples showed the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The lack of access to veterinary care and information regarding antimicrobial therapy, along with the easy access to antimicrobials without medical prescription, favors the inadequate use of antimicrobials in Piauí.