CD4 count as a predictor of adrenocortical insufficiency in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: How useful?

• Published in: Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2013-11, Vol.17 (6), p.1012-1017
• Main Authors: Odeniyi, Ifedayo A, Fasanmade, Olufemi A, Ajala, Michael O, Ohwovoriole, Augustin E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Addison's disease; Adrenocorticotropic hormone; Care and treatment; CD4 count; CD4 lymphocytes; cortisol; Diagnosis; Diseases; Health aspects; HIV patients; human immunodeficiency virus; Original; Physiological aspects; Prognosis; Risk factors
• ISSN: 2230-8210; 2230-9500
• DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.122615

To determine the usefulness of CD4 count in predicting adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) in persons with HIV infection. Experimental study involving people with HIV infection and healthy people. The participants were recruited from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Forty-three newly diagnosed, treatment naive persons with HIV (23 males and 20 females) and 70 (35 males and 35 females) HIV negative subjects completed the study. One microgram Synacthen(®) was given intravenously to stimulate the adrenal glands. Blood was collected for cortisol at 0 and 30 min after the injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and CD4 count. Mean basal cortisol was 154.9 ± 27.2 nmol/L and 239.9 ± 31.6 nmol/L (P < 0.001); the 30-min post ACTH test, cortisol level was 354.8 ± 19.9 nmol/L and 870.9 ± 163.5 nmol/L (P < 0.001); the increment was 100.0 ± 17.2 nmol/L and 588.8 ± 143.4 nmol/L (P < 0.001) in HIV and healthy subject group; respectively. Using the diagnostic criteria for diagnosis of AI in this study, fifteen (34.8%) persons with HIV had AI. There was no significant correlation between basal cortisol levels and CD4 count in patients with HIV infection (r = -0.2, P = 0.198). There was no significant correlation between stimulated cortisol level and CD4 count in patients with HIV infection (r = -0.09, P = 0.516). CD4 count does not predict the presence or absence of AI. ACTH stimulation of the adrenal gland remains the acceptable standard.