Molecular Evolutionary Analyses of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase ( RdRp ) Region and VP1 Gene in Human Norovirus Genotypes GII.P6-GII.6 and GII.P7-GII.6

To understand the evolution of GII.P6-GII.6 and GII.P7-GII.6 strains, the prevalent human norovirus genotypes, we analysed both the region and gene in globally collected strains using authentic bioinformatics technologies. A common ancestor of the P6- and P7-type region emerged approximately 50 year...

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Published in:Viruses 2023-07, Vol.15 (7), p.1497
Main Authors: Takahashi, Tomoko, Kimura, Ryusuke, Shirai, Tatsuya, Sada, Mitsuru, Sugai, Toshiyuki, Murakami, Kosuke, Harada, Kazuhiko, Ito, Kazuto, Matsushima, Yuki, Mizukoshi, Fuminori, Okayama, Kaori, Hayashi, Yuriko, Kondo, Mayumi, Kageyama, Tsutomu, Suzuki, Yoshiyuki, Ishii, Haruyuki, Ryo, Akihide, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fujita, Kiyotaka, Kimura, Hirokazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Antigenicity
Antigens
Bioinformatics
Caliciviridae Infections
DNA-directed RNA polymerase
Epidemics
epitope mapping
Epitopes
Gastroenteritis
Genomes
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
human norovirus
Humans
Methods
molecular evolution
Norovirus - genetics
Norovirus - metabolism
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Positive selection
Proteins
Public health
Recombination
RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - genetics
RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase - metabolism
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
Software
Strains (organisms)
VP1 gene
VP1 protein
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Summary:To understand the evolution of GII.P6-GII.6 and GII.P7-GII.6 strains, the prevalent human norovirus genotypes, we analysed both the region and gene in globally collected strains using authentic bioinformatics technologies. A common ancestor of the P6- and P7-type region emerged approximately 50 years ago and a common ancestor of the P6- and P7-type gene emerged approximately 110 years ago. Subsequently, the region and gene evolved. Moreover, the evolutionary rates were significantly faster for the P6-type region and gene than for the P7-type region and genes. Large genetic divergence was observed in the P7-type region and gene compared with the P6-type region and gene. The phylodynamics of the region and gene fluctuated after the year 2000. Positive selection sites in VP1 proteins were located in the antigenicity-related protruding 2 domain, and these sites overlapped with conformational epitopes. These results suggest that the GII.6 gene and VP1 proteins evolved uniquely due to recombination between the P6- and P7-type regions in the HuNoV GII.P6-GII.6 and GII.P7-GII.6 virus strains.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v15071497