The Role of Macrophages in Airway Disease Focusing on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and the Treatment with Antioxidant Nanoparticles

• Published in: Viruses 2024-10, Vol.16 (10), p.1563
• Main Author: Choi, Kyuhyung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Airway management; Allergic diseases; alveolar macrophages; Animal diseases; Animals; Antigens; Antigens, CD - immunology; Antigens, CD - metabolism; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - immunology; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - metabolism; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Asthma; Bacterial infections; Blood vessels; CD163 antigen; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Cytokines; Hogs; Homeostasis; Humans; Infections; Lung cancer; Lung diseases; M1/M2; Macrophages; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - virology; Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects; Macrophages, Alveolar - immunology; Macrophages, Alveolar - virology; nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Pathogenesis; Pneumonia; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - drug therapy; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - immunology; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - virology; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - immunology; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - physiology; Protein structure; Proteins; PRRSV; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism; respiratory disease; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory tract diseases; Review; ROS; Swine; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Viruses
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v16101563

Lung macrophage cells play a critical role in various lung diseases, and their state can change depending on the progression of the disease by inducing either an inflammatory or anti-inflammatory state. In this review, the potential therapeutic effects of treatment with antioxidant nanoparticles in air-borne diseases focusing on porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), considering reactive oxygen species (ROS) as one of the factors that regulate M1 and M2 macrophages in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory states, respectively, was described. In addition, the author examines the status of protein structure research on CD163 (one of the markers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages) in human and veterinary lung diseases.