Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are involved in cancer development, metastasis, and disease progression. They can modulate angiogenesis to elevate the malignant degree of tumor cells. TEX carry immunosuppressive factors affecting the antitumor activities of immune cells. Tumor cells as well as immune c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of immunology research 2020, Vol.2020 (2020), p.1-11
Main Authors: Kubiak-Tomaszewska, Grażyna, Żołnierzak, Aleksandra, Dominiak, Agnieszka, Olejarz, Wioletta, Lorenc, Tomasz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiogenesis
Animals
Antigen presentation
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Breast cancer
Cancer
CD8 antigen
Cell activation
Cell Communication
Cell differentiation
Cell interactions
Cell proliferation
Cell signaling
Colorectal cancer
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Drug resistance
Exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Exosomes - pathology
Growth factors
Humans
Immune response
Immunology
Immunosuppression
Immunosurveillance
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Kinases
Lipids
Liver cancer
Lymphocytes T
Metastases
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
Mitochondrial DNA
Monocytes
Mutation
Natural killer cells
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Prostate
Proteins
Review
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
Tumor cells
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors
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Description
Summary:Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are involved in cancer development, metastasis, and disease progression. They can modulate angiogenesis to elevate the malignant degree of tumor cells. TEX carry immunosuppressive factors affecting the antitumor activities of immune cells. Tumor cells as well as immune cells secrete immunologically active exosomes which affect intercellular communication, antigen presentation, activation of immune cells, and immune surveillance. Cell proliferation and immune response suppression create a favorable microenvironment for tumor. TEX can inhibit immune cell proliferation, induce apoptosis of activated CD8+ Teffs, suppress NK cell activity, interfere with monocyte differentiation, and promote Treg as well as MDSC expansion. Exosomes of microenvironment cells may also contribute to the development of drug resistance in cancer therapy. An important role of TEX in modulating the sensitivity of tumor cells to immunotherapy is a promising area of research to make the cancer therapy more successful.
ISSN:2314-8861
2314-7156
DOI:10.1155/2020/6272498