Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function: The 2-Year Longitudinal Changes in an Older Spanish Cohort

• Published in: Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2021-12, Vol.13, p.782067-782067
• Main Authors: Nishi, Stephanie K, Babio, Nancy, Gómez-Martínez, Carlos, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Ros, Emilio, Corella, Dolores, Castañer, Olga, Martínez, J Alfredo, Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M, Wärnberg, Julia, Vioque, Jesús, Romaguera, Dora, López-Miranda, José, Estruch, Ramon, Tinahones, Francisco J, Lapetra, José, Serra-Majem, J Luís, Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora, Tur, Josep A, Martín Sánchez, Vicente, Pintó, Xavier, Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel, Matía-Martín, Pilar, Vidal, Josep, Vázquez, Clotilde, Daimiel, Lidia, Razquin, Cristina, Coltell, Oscar, Becerra-Tomás, Nerea, De La Torre Fornell, Rafael, Abete, Itziar, Sorto-Sanchez, Carolina, Barón-López, Francisco Javier, Signes-Pastor, Antonio José, Konieczna, Jadwiga, Garcia-Rios, Antonio, Casas, Rosa, Gomez-Perez, Ana Maria, Santos-Lozano, José Manuel, García-Arellano, Ana, Guillem-Saiz, Patricia, Ni, Jiaqi, Trinidad Soria-Florido, Maria, Zulet, M Ángeles, Vaquero-Luna, Jessica, Toledo, Estefanía, Fitó, Montserrat, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Aging; Body mass index; Body weight; Cardiovascular diseases; Clinical Medicine; cognition; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; DASH diet; Dementia; Diabetes; Diet; dietary pattern; Executive function; Geriatrics; Geriatrik; Health Sciences; Hypertension; Hälsovetenskap; Klinisk medicin; Lifestyles; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Mediterranean diet (MedDiet); Metabolic syndrome; MIND diet; Neuroscience; Nutrition and Dietetics; Näringslära; Obesity; Older people; Overweight; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Short term memory; Standard deviation; Weight control
• ISSN: 1663-4365; 1663-4365
• DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.782067

Plant-forward dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic health benefits, which, in turn, have been related to cognitive performance with inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline adherence to three dietary patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets) with 2-year changes in cognitive performance in older adults with overweight or obesity and high cardiovascular disease risk. A prospective cohort analysis was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus trial, involving 6,647 men and women aged 55-75 years with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Using a validated, semiquantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, the dietary pattern adherence scores were calculated. An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between 2-year changes in cognitive function -scores across tertiles of baseline adherence to the dietary patterns. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was associated with 2-year changes in the general cognitive screening Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE, β: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.175, = 0.011), and two executive function-related assessments: the Trail Making Tests Part A (TMT-A, β: -0.054; 95% CI: -0.110, - 0.002, = 0.047) and Part B (TMT-B, β: -0.079; 95% CI: -0.134, -0.024, = 0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with the backward recall Digit Span Test assessment of working memory (DST-B, β: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.114, = 0.045). However, higher adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was not associated with better cognitive function over a period of 2 years. In older Spanish individuals with overweight or obesity and at high cardiovascular disease risk, higher baseline adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with better cognitive performance than lower adherence over a period of 2 years.